ilma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: Ilma

Estonian[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ilma

  1. (governs the abessive) without

Noun[edit]

ilma

  1. genitive singular of ilm
  2. partitive singular of ilm
  3. illative singular of ilm

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *ilma (“air, sky, weather”), from Proto-Uralic *ilma (“sky, weather, god”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈilmɑ/, [ˈilmɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ilmɑ
  • Syllabification(key): il‧ma

Noun[edit]

ilma

  1. air
    • 1849 Kalevala (Translation 1988 by Eino Friberg) 1:107-112:
      Olipa impi, ilman tyttö,
      She, the virgin of the air
  2. weather
    Synonym: sää
    Millainen ilma tänään on?
    How is the weather today?

Declension[edit]

Inflection of ilma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative ilma ilmat
genitive ilman ilmojen
partitive ilmaa ilmoja
illative ilmaan ilmoihin
singular plural
nominative ilma ilmat
accusative nom. ilma ilmat
gen. ilman
genitive ilman ilmojen
ilmainrare
partitive ilmaa ilmoja
inessive ilmassa ilmoissa
elative ilmasta ilmoista
illative ilmaan ilmoihin
adessive ilmalla ilmoilla
ablative ilmalta ilmoilta
allative ilmalle ilmoille
essive ilmana ilmoina
translative ilmaksi ilmoiksi
instructive — ilmoin
abessive ilmatta ilmoitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ilma (type kala)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ilmani ilmani
accusative nom. ilmani ilmani
gen. ilmani
genitive ilmani ilmojeni
ilmainirare
partitive ilmaani ilmojani
inessive ilmassani ilmoissani
elative ilmastani ilmoistani
illative ilmaani ilmoihini
adessive ilmallani ilmoillani
ablative ilmaltani ilmoiltani
allative ilmalleni ilmoilleni
essive ilmanani ilmoinani
translative ilmakseni ilmoikseni
instructive — —
abessive ilmattani ilmoittani
comitative — ilmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ilmasi ilmasi
accusative nom. ilmasi ilmasi
gen. ilmasi
genitive ilmasi ilmojesi
ilmaisirare
partitive ilmaasi ilmojasi
inessive ilmassasi ilmoissasi
elative ilmastasi ilmoistasi
illative ilmaasi ilmoihisi
adessive ilmallasi ilmoillasi
ablative ilmaltasi ilmoiltasi
allative ilmallesi ilmoillesi
essive ilmanasi ilmoinasi
translative ilmaksesi ilmoiksesi
instructive — —
abessive ilmattasi ilmoittasi
comitative — ilmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ilmamme ilmamme
accusative nom. ilmamme ilmamme
gen. ilmamme
genitive ilmamme ilmojemme
ilmaimmerare
partitive ilmaamme ilmojamme
inessive ilmassamme ilmoissamme
elative ilmastamme ilmoistamme
illative ilmaamme ilmoihimme
adessive ilmallamme ilmoillamme
ablative ilmaltamme ilmoiltamme
allative ilmallemme ilmoillemme
essive ilmanamme ilmoinamme
translative ilmaksemme ilmoiksemme
instructive — —
abessive ilmattamme ilmoittamme
comitative — ilmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ilmanne ilmanne
accusative nom. ilmanne ilmanne
gen. ilmanne
genitive ilmanne ilmojenne
ilmainnerare
partitive ilmaanne ilmojanne
inessive ilmassanne ilmoissanne
elative ilmastanne ilmoistanne
illative ilmaanne ilmoihinne
adessive ilmallanne ilmoillanne
ablative ilmaltanne ilmoiltanne
allative ilmallenne ilmoillenne
essive ilmananne ilmoinanne
translative ilmaksenne ilmoiksenne
instructive — —
abessive ilmattanne ilmoittanne
comitative — ilmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative ilmansa ilmansa
accusative nom. ilmansa ilmansa
gen. ilmansa
genitive ilmansa ilmojensa
ilmainsarare
partitive ilmaansa ilmojaan
ilmojansa
inessive ilmassaan
ilmassansa 		ilmoissaan
ilmoissansa
elative ilmastaan
ilmastansa 		ilmoistaan
ilmoistansa
illative ilmaansa ilmoihinsa
adessive ilmallaan
ilmallansa 		ilmoillaan
ilmoillansa
ablative ilmaltaan
ilmaltansa 		ilmoiltaan
ilmoiltansa
allative ilmalleen
ilmallensa 		ilmoilleen
ilmoillensa
essive ilmanaan
ilmanansa 		ilmoinaan
ilmoinansa
translative ilmakseen
ilmaksensa 		ilmoikseen
ilmoiksensa
instructive — —
abessive ilmattaan
ilmattansa 		ilmoittaan
ilmoittansa
comitative — ilmoineen
ilmoinensa

Derived terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

compounds

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Icelandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ilma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ilmaði, supine ilmað)

  1. (intransitive) to smell pleasant, to give off a pleasant scent

Conjugation[edit]

ilma — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að ilma
supine
(sagnbót) 		ilmað
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		ilmandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég ilma við ilmum present
(nútíð) 		ég ilmi við ilmum
þú ilmar þið ilmið þú ilmir þið ilmið
hann, hún, það ilmar þeir, þær, þau ilma hann, hún, það ilmi þeir, þær, þau ilmi
past
(þátíð) 		ég ilmaði við ilmuðum past
(þátíð) 		ég ilmaði við ilmuðum
þú ilmaðir þið ilmuðuð þú ilmaðir þið ilmuðuð
hann, hún, það ilmaði þeir, þær, þau ilmuðu hann, hún, það ilmaði þeir, þær, þau ilmuðu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		ilma (þú) ilmið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
ilmaðu ilmiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to smell pleasant): anga

Derived terms[edit]

  • ilmandi (“pleasant-smelling”)
  • ilmur (“pleasant scent”)

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *ilma, from Proto-Uralic *ilma. Cognates include Finnish ilma and Estonian ilm.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ilma

  1. weather
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 29:
      Egle oli hyvä ilma.
      Yesterday the weather was good.
Declension[edit]
Declension of ilma (type 3/kana, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ilma ilmat
genitive ilman ilmoin
partitive ilmaa ilmoja
illative ilmaa ilmoi
inessive ilmaas ilmois
elative ilmast ilmoist
allative ilmalle ilmoille
adessive ilmaal ilmoil
ablative ilmalt ilmoilt
translative ilmaks ilmoiks
essive ilmanna, ilmaan ilmoinna, ilmoin
exessive1) ilmant ilmoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ilma (+ partitive)

  1. Alternative form of ilman
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
      Määk siä șkouluu - sanoi Semon däädä, ilma sinnua saamma aikoo.
      Go to school - said uncle Semon, we'll get by without you.

References[edit]

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 91
  • Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[2], →ISBN, page 15

Karelian[edit]

Regional variants of ilma
North Karelian
(Viena) 		ilma
South Karelian
(Tver) 		ilma

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *ilma. Cognates include Finnish ilma and Veps il'm.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈilmɑ/
  • Hyphenation: il‧ma

Noun[edit]

ilma (genitive ilman, partitive ilmua)

  1. (North Karelian or dialectal) air
  2. (North Karelian or dialectal) Synonym of šiä (“weather”)
  3. (South Karelian or dialectal) Synonym of muailma (“world”)

Declension[edit]

Viena Karelian declension of ilma (type 4/kala, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ilma ilmat
genitive ilman ilmojen
partitive ilmua ilmoja
illative ilmah ilmoih
inessive ilmašša ilmoissa
elative ilmašta ilmoista
adessive ilmalla ilmoilla
ablative ilmalta ilmoilta
translative ilmakši ilmoiksi
essive ilmana ilmoina
comitative — ilmoineh
abessive ilmatta ilmoitta
Tver Karelian declension of ilma (type 4/kala no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ilma ilmat
genitive ilman ilmoin
partitive ilmua ilmoida
illative ilmah ilmoih
inessive ilmašša ilmoissa
elative ilmašta ilmoista
adessive ilmalla ilmoilla
ablative ilmalda ilmoilda
translative ilmakši ilmoiksi
essive ilmana ilmoina
comitative ilmanke ilmoinke
abessive ilmatta ilmoitta
Possessive forms of ilma
1st person ilmani
2nd person ilmaš
3rd person ilmah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • A. V. Punzhina (1994), “ilma”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “ilma”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
  • Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “ilma”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja, Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
  • I. Novak; I. Komissarova (2019) Miun harpaukšet karielan kieleh, Periodika, →ISBN, page 172

Maltese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic الْمَاء (al-māʔ), from مَاء‎ (māʔ, “water”) with fused definite article اَل‎ (al-).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ilma m (plural ilmijiet)

  1. water
    ilma baħar ― sea water
    ilma ċar ― clear water
    ilma effervixxenti ― fizzy water
    ilma fin ― pure water
    ilma ġieri ― running water
    ilma ħelu ― fresh water
    ilma kiesaħ ― cold water
    ilma mbierek ― holy water
    ilma mieġi ― brackish water
    ilma qiegħed ― stagnant water
    ilma minerali ― mineral water

Derived terms[edit]

Oromo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Somali ilmo (“child(ren)”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ilma

  1. son

Võro[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Genitive singular form of ilm.

Preposition[edit]

ilma

  1. without

Derived terms[edit]

Votic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare Estonian ilma, Finnish ilman and Ingrian ilman.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈilmɑː/, [ˈiɫmɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ilmɑː
  • Hyphenation: il‧ma

Preposition[edit]

ilma

  1. (~ + partitive) without

Noun[edit]

ilma

  1. inflection of ilmõ:
    1. genitive singular
    2. partitive singular
    3. illative singular

References[edit]

  • V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “ilmaa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ilma&oldid=76184089"