ilm

See also: ILM and ilʹm

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilma, from Proto-Uralic *ilma.

Noun

ilm (genitive ilma, partitive ilma)

1. weather
2. (poetic) world

Declension

Declension of ilm (ÕS type 22u/leib, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		ilm	ilmad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	ilma
genitive			ilmade
partitive		ilma	ilmu ilmasid
illative		ilma ilmasse	ilmadesse ilmusse
inessive		ilmas	ilmades ilmus
elative		ilmast	ilmadest ilmust
allative		ilmale	ilmadele ilmule
adessive		ilmal	ilmadel ilmul
ablative		ilmalt	ilmadelt ilmult
translative		ilmaks	ilmadeks ilmuks
terminative		ilmani	ilmadeni
essive		ilmana	ilmadena
abessive		ilmata	ilmadeta
comitative		ilmaga	ilmadega

Icelandic

Noun

ilm

1. indefinite accusative singular of ilmur
2. indefinite dative singular of ilmur

Livonian

Etymology 1

Noun

ilm

1. Salaca form of īlma (“world; air”)

Etymology 2

Preposition

ilm

1. obsolete spelling of īlma

References

• Andreas Johan Sjögren, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (1861), Livisch-deutsches und deutsch-livisches Wörterbuch
• Pajusalu, Karl & Winkler, Eberhard, Salis-livisches Wörterbuch (2009). Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia. Tallinn.

Ludian

Alternative forms

• ilme (Pühärv)
• ium (Mundärv)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilma.

Noun

ilm

1. air
2. atmosphere

   ilmanpainand ― atmospheric pressure

   kodihine ilm ― homely atmosphere

3. world

   sil ilmal ― in the next world (after death)

   piästä ilmah ― to come out

   piästäda ilmah ― to publish

4. weather

   kajoz ilm ― clear weather

Declension

Declension of ilm (type 1a/tila, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	ilm	ilmad
genitive	ilman	ilmoiden
partitive	ilmad	ilmoid
essive	ilman	ilmoin
instructive	—	ilmoin
inessive	ilmas	ilmoiš
elative	ilmaspiä	ilmoišpiä
illative	ilmah	ilmoihe
adessive	ilmal	ilmoil
ablative	ilmalpiä	ilmoilpiä
allative	ilmale	ilmoile
abessive	ilmata	ilmoita
prolative	ilmači	ilmoiči
translative	ilmaks	ilmoikš
additive	ilmahpiä	ilmoihepiä
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

Derived terms

• avoinilm
• dʹumalanilm
• ilmahpiäständ
• ilmai
• ilmaine
• Ilmalline
• ilmanala
• ilmančura
• ilmanigalline
• ilmanpainand
• ilmkera
• ilmoittada
• muailm
• vihmilm

References

• M. Pahomov (2022), “ilm”, in Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎^[1], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN, page 55
• Juho Kujola (1944), “iлm”, in Lyydiläismurteiden sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 89

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Noun

ilm ?

1. knowledge

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse ilmr (“sweet smell, scent”), of further unknown origin.

Cognate with Icelandic ilmur (“fragrance”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪlm/

• Rhymes: -ɪlm
• Hyphenation: ilm

Noun

ilm m (definite singular ilmen, indefinite plural ilmer, definite plural ilmene)

1. (archaic) a fragrance, scent, aroma
   • 1922, Sigrid Undset, Korset, page 60:

     [det var] en svak søt ilm efter haaret hendes paa hodedynen

     [there was] a faint sweet smell after her hair on the pillow

   • 1925, Sigrid Undset, Olav Audunssøn i Hestviken II, page 125:

     kirken blev fuld av den søteste ilm

     the church was filled with the sweetest scent

See also

• vellukt (“pleasant air”)
• duft (“sweet scent”)
• ange (“scent”)

References

• “ilm” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• mil, lim

Tashelhit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Afroasiatic

Proto-Berber *a-alăm

Proto-Berber *elăm

Tashelhit ilm

Inherited from Proto-Berber *elăm (“skin”), from earlier *a-alăm, from Proto-Afroasiatic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ilm/

Noun

ilm m (plural ilmawn or almiwn, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵍⵎ, Arabic spelling ايلم)

1. skin

   اور ڭيس ياڭور ابلا يخسان د ييلم.

   ur gis yagur abla ixsan d yilm.

   he's just skin and bones.

2. leather

Inflection

Inflection of ilm

	singular	plural
free state	ilm	ilmawn, almiwn
annexed state	ilm, yilm	ilmawn, walmiwn

Derived terms

• almaḍaḍ (“finger glove”)
• almsir (“tanned skin”)
• bu ilmawn (“a man dressed up in skins of sacrified animals”)
• ilimc (“foreskin”)
• ilm inwan (“tanned skin”)
• ilm izgzawn (“untanned skin”)

See also

• idammn (“blood”)
• ixss (“bone”)
• tifiyyi (“flesh, meat”)
• tiɣssa (“body”)

References

• Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 2 f—l (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/2) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1094a

Uzbek

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Noun

ilm (plural ilmlar)

1. science
2. knowledge

Synonyms

• fan

Võro

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilma.

Noun

ilm (genitive ilma, partitive ilma)

1. weather, climate
2. world, universe

Declension

Inflection of ilm

	singular	plural
nominative	ilm	ilmaq
accusative	ilma	ilmaq
genitive	ilma	ilmo
partitive	ilma	ilmo
illative	ilma	ilmo ilmohe
inessive	ilman ilmahn	ilmon ilmohn
elative	ilmast	ilmost
allative	ilmalõ	ilmolõ
adessive	ilmal	ilmol
ablative	ilmalt	ilmolt
translative	ilmas	ilmos
terminative	ilmaniq	ilmoniq
abessive	ilmaldaq	ilmoldaq
comitative	ilmagaq	ilmogaq

Derived terms

• ilma
• maailm