-nak
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Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Case suffix.
Suffix[edit]
-nak
- (case suffix) to, for. Used to form the dative case.
- húg (“younger sister”) → Adtam egy könyvet a húgomnak. ― I gave a book to my little sister.
- (case suffix) 's, of. Used to form the possessive case from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.
- as, for (in the function or role specified)
- Ne dobd ki az újságot, jól jöhet még csomagolópapírnak. ― Don't throw out the newspaper, it could come in handy as wrapping paper.
- Concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
- Olcsónak olcsó, de ráférne egy felújítás. ― Cheap as it may be, but it could do with some renovation.
Usage notes[edit]
Hungarian case suffixes
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
See also[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Personal suffix.
Suffix[edit]
-nak
- (personal suffix) third-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation)
Usage notes[edit]
Present tense indefinite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek |
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
- tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. - The children are not studying enough.
- -nek is added to front-vowel verbs
- énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. - The birds are singing.
- -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? - What do animals teach us?
- -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. - The children are painting.
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs