-nak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nak"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɒk]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-nak/-nek (dative case suffix)

2. to, for

   húg (“younger sister”) → Adtam egy könyvet a húgomnak. ― I gave a book to my little sister.

3. 's, of (forms the possessive from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.)

   szomszéd (“neighbor”) → A szomszédom(nak a) kertjében áll egy tölgyfa. ― There is an oak in my neighbor’s garden.

   múzeum (“museum”) → A múzeumnak két bejárata van. ― The museum has two entrances.

4. Indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal)
5. as, for (in the function or role specified)

   Ne dobd ki az újságot, jól jöhet még csomagolópapírnak. ― Don't throw out the newspaper, it could come in handy as wrapping paper.

6. Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.

   Olcsónak olcsó, de ráférne egy felújítás. ― Cheap as it may be, but it could do with some renovation.

Usage notes

• (dative case suffix) Variants:

  -nak is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  házigazda (“host”) → Ajándékot hoztunk a házigazdának. ― We brought gifts for the host.

  -nek is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

  gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. ― I bought a toy for the child.

  körte (“pear”) → A körtének jó íze van. ― The pear tastes good. (literally, “to the pear there is a good flavor”)

  Szépnek szép, de nem valami hasznos. ― Pretty as it may be, but there's not much use of it.

Hungarian case suffixes

case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként1
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

See also

• neki

Hungarian pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (see also postpositions)

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)1	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

¹Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-nak

2. (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural and formal second-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎olvas (“read”) + ‎-nak → ‎olvasnak (“they read, they are reading; (formal) you read, you are reading”)

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -nak is added to back-vowel verbs

  tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. ― The children are not studying enough.

  -nek is added to front-vowel verbs

  énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. ― The birds are singing.

  -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? ― What do animals teach us?

  -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. ― The children are painting.

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

See also

• Category:Hungarian terms taking -nak/-nek
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Hungarian pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (see also postpositions)

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)1	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

¹Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template

Ilocano

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nak/

Pronoun

-nak

1. Fused enclitic with second-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -mo (“you, your”) and -ak (“I, me”)

   Ay-ayatennak? ― Do you love me?

2. Fused enclitic with third-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -na (“he, she, it, his, her, its”) and -ak (“I, me”)

   Imbatinak itattay. ― He/she left me a while ago.

Usage notes

• The pronoun is often conflated with -ak in colloquial speech.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada

¹Regional variants.
²Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
³Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.

Fused enclitics

Actor	Patient
	siak	data	datayo	dakami	sika	dakayo	isu5	isuda
siak	bagik4	—	—	—	-ka	-kayo	-ko, -k	-ko ida, -k ida
data	—	bagita4	—	—	—	—	-ta	-ta ida
datayo	—	—	bagitayo4	—	—	—	-tayo	-tayo ida
dakami	—	—	—	bagimi4	-daka	-dakayo	-mi	-mi ida
sika	-nak	—	—	-nakami	bagim4	—	-mo, -m	-mo ida, -m ida
dakayo	-dak	-data	—	-dakami	—	bagiyo4	-yo	-yo ida
isu	-nak	-nata	-natayo	-nakami	-naka	-nakayo	bagina4, -na	-na ida
isuda	-dak	-data	-datayo	-dakami	-daka	-dakayo	-da	bagida4, -da ida

⁴Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
⁵ isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.