kin

See also: Kin, kín, kīn, -kin, kin-, k'in, and -kin-

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: kĭn, IPA^(key): /kɪn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English kin, kyn, ken, kun, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank, quality, family, generation, offspring, pedigree, kin, race, people, gender, sex, propriety, etiquette”), from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).

Noun

kin (countable and uncountable, plural kin)

1. Race; family; breed; kind.
2. (collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred.
   • (Can we date this quote by Francis Bacon and provide title, author's full name, and other details?)

     You are of kin, and so a friend to their persons.

   • 2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:

     Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.

3. One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.
4. Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.
   • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: A Novel. In Three Volumes, volume III, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […], OCLC 39810224, page 248:

     Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.

5. Kind; sort; manner; way.

Derived terms

• akin
• kind
• kindred
• kinfolk
• kinhood
• kinship
• kinsman
• kinstate
• kinswoman
• kith and kin
• next of kin
• otakukin
• otherkin

 

Translations

relative — see relative

relatives collectively

• Arabic: أَهْل‎ m (ʾahl), أَقَارِب‎ pl (ʾaqārib)
• Armenian: ցեղ (hy) (cʿeł), տոհմ (hy) (tohm)

  Old Armenian: ցեղ (cʿeł), տոհմ (tohm), զարմ (zarm)

• Bulgarian: род (bg) m (rod)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 親屬 (zh), 亲属 (zh) (qīnshǔ), 親族 (zh), 亲族 (zh) (qīnzú)

• Dutch: verwanten (nl)
• Faroese: ættarfólk n pl
• Finnish: suku (fi)
• French: proches m pl, parenté (fr) f
• Georgian: ნათესაობა (natesaoba), მოდგმა (modgma), ჩამომავლობა (čamomavloba)
• German: Verwandtschaft (de) f, Verwandte (de) pl
• Greek: συγγενείς (el) m pl or f pl (syngeneís), οικογένεια (el) f (oikogéneia)

• Hungarian: rokonság (hu)
• Icelandic: ættmenni n pl, skyldmenni n pl
• Japanese: 親族 (ja) (しんぞく, shinzoku)
• Korean: 친족 (ko) (chinjok)
• Maori: ngare, huānga
• Portuguese: parentagem f
• Russian: родня́ (ru) f (rodnjá), ро́дственники m pl (ródstvenniki), ро́дичи m pl (ródiči), соро́дичи m pl (soródiči)
• Scottish Gaelic: càirdeas m
• Slovene: sorodstvo n
• Tagalog: hinlog
• ǃXóõ: tâa, ǃkxʻái

See also

• kith
• clan

Further reading

• kin at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Kin in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Adjective

kin (not comparable)

1. Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in "kin to".

   It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.

Translations

related by blood or marriage

• Bulgarian: сроден (bg) (sroden)
• Finnish: sukua oleva
• French: apparenté (fr)
• Icelandic: skyldur
• Portuguese: aparentado

• Scottish Gaelic: càirdeach
• Tagalog: karugo, kadugo
• Tamil: கேளிர் (ta) (kēḷir)

Etymology 2

Noun

kin (plural kins)

1. A primitive Chinese musical instrument of the cittern kind, with from five to twenty-five silken strings.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Riemann to this entry?)

   • 1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository (page 40)

     If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.

Etymology 3

Noun

kin (plural kins)

1. Alternative form of k'in

Etymology 4

Verb

kin

1. Pronunciation spelling of can.

Anagrams

• -nik, Nik, ink

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Noun

kin (plural kinne)

1. Alternative form of ken.

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Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɪn]
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin

1. genitive plural of kino

Anagrams

• nik

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪn/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kin
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin f (plural kinnen, diminutive kinnetje n)

1. chin

Derived terms

• kinlijn
• onderkin

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kin

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Guinea-Bissau Creole

Pronoun

kin

1. who

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Hungarian

Etymology

ki +‎ -n

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkin]

Pronoun

kin

1. superessive singular of ki

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Ido

Ido cardinal numbers

<  4	5	6  >
Cardinal : kin     Ordinal : kinesma     Adverbial : kinfoye     Multiplier : kinopla     Fractional : kinima
Ido Wikipedia article on kin

Etymology

From French cinq, Spanish cinco, Italian cinque, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Numeral

kin

1. five (5)

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Japanese

Romanization

kin

1. Rōmaji transcription of きん

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Kurdish

Adjective

kin ?

1. short

Synonyms

• kurt
• qut
• quse

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Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of kin – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight”). (This character, kin, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤.)

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Navajo

Etymology

Compare Dogrib kǫ̀.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kxʲɪ̀n]

Noun

kin

1. market, store

   Kingóó déyá. ― I am going to the store.

2. house, cabin, building
3. town

Inflection

possessives of kin

	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	shikin	nihikin	danihikin
2nd person	nikin	nihikin	danihikin
3rd person	bikin
4th person (3o)	yikin
4th person (3a)	hakin
Indefinite (3i)	akin

Synonyms

• (town): kin shijaaʼ, kin łání, kintah

Derived terms

• kįįh (“into the town”)
• kinsááʼ (“ruin”)

See also

• hooghan

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Ngarrindjeri

Pronoun

kin

1. him

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West Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪn/

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German kinne, kin, from Old Saxon kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz.

Noun

kin n (plural kinnen, diminutive kintsje)

1. chin

Derived terms

• ûnderkin

Further reading

• “kin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

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Yagara

Noun

kin

1. Alternative form of ginn.

References

• State Library of Queensland, 2019 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES ‘WORD OF THE WEEK’: WEEK EIGHTEEN., 13 May 2019.