kini
Bikol Central
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kiní
Derived terms
[edit]Cebuano
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ni.[1] The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kiri (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to dinhi (“here”), kanhi (“in former times”), nganhi (“hither”), and anhi (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Hiligaynon ini, Malay ini.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]kiní
- this (near where the speaker and the listener are)
Usage notes
[edit]- kani is the form most commonly used by speakers, while kini may come off as old-fashioned and literary.
- In colloquial usage, the nuances of kiri (“this near me”) and kini (“this near us”) have become blurred, such that both are used interchangeably.
See also
[edit]Direct* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
Near speaker*** | karí kirí |
ri | niari niiri |
ari iri |
kan-ari† kan-iri† |
dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingon ari | Ø |
Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní |
ni | niani niini |
ani ini |
kan-ani† kan-ini† |
dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingon ani | ing-ani in-ani |
Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ |
nganhà ngarâ |
anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingon anà | ing-anà in-anà |
Remote | kadto kató |
to | niadto niato |
adto ato |
kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingon adto ingon ato |
ing-ato in-ato |
†Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. |
Etymology 2
[edit]Compare Waray-Waray kini.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Hyphenation: ki‧ni
Noun
[edit]kini
- the live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)
- Synonym: kumi
References
[edit]Hawaiian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *tini.[1]
Noun
[edit]kini
Number
[edit]kini
- forty thousand
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from English king.[1]
Noun
[edit]kini
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]kini
Etymology 4
[edit]Noun
[edit]kini
- gin (alcoholic beverage)
Etymology 5
[edit]Noun
[edit]kini
Etymology 6
[edit]Possibly borrowed from English tin.[1] However, there is no such term included in online marble glossaries.[2][3][4]
Noun
[edit]kini
Etymology 7
[edit]borrowed from English zinc.[1]
Noun
[edit]kini
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kini”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, entry at Wehewehe.org here
- ^ A Glossary of Marble Players' Terms, http://www.americantoymarbles.com/glossary.htm
- ^ Marble Terminology, https://web.archive.org/web/20221115212718/http://www.dougsmithart.com/wordpress_site2/marble-terminology/
- ^ Streetplay.com Marbles Glossary, http://www.streetplay.com/thegames/marbles/marbleglossary.shtml
Iban
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]kini
- (interrogative) to where
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Malay kini. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]kini
Adverb
[edit]kini
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kini” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Jamamadí
[edit]Adjective
[edit]kini
- (Banawá) green
References
[edit]- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kini
Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Determiner
[edit]kini
Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]kini (Jawi spelling کيني)
Adverb
[edit]kini (Jawi spelling کيني)
Synonyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kini” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maori
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *kini. Compare Hawaiian ʻiniki (“to pinch, to nip; to be sharp and piercing”, intransitive), ʻiniʻini (“to pinch”, transitive).
Verb
[edit]kini
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]kini
- guinea (a coin)
References
[edit]- “kini” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Naga Pidgin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived from Assamese কিনা (kina).
Verb
[edit]kini
To'abaita
[edit]Noun
[edit]kini
References
[edit]- Frantisek Lichtenberk, A Grammar of Toqabaqita
Yoruba
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From kí (“to greet”) + ẹni (“a person”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kíni
- to greet someone
Derived terms
[edit]- ìkíni (“greeting”)
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central nouns
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano adverbs
- Cebuano nouns
- Cebuano location adverbs
- Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Eastern Polynesian
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian nouns
- Hawaiian numbers
- Hawaiian terms borrowed from English
- Hawaiian terms derived from English
- haw:Alcoholic beverages
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Iban/ni
- Iban lemmas
- Iban adverbs
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ni
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ni/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian adjectives
- Indonesian adverbs
- Jamamadí lemmas
- Jamamadí adjectives
- jaa:Colors
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese clippings
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese determiners
- Cirebon Javanese
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ini
- Rhymes:Malay/ni
- Rhymes:Malay/i
- Rhymes:Malay/i/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay adjectives
- Malay adverbs
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Maori lemmas
- Maori verbs
- Maori terms borrowed from English
- Maori terms derived from English
- Maori nouns
- Naga Pidgin terms derived from Assamese
- Naga Pidgin lemmas
- Naga Pidgin verbs
- To'abaita lemmas
- To'abaita nouns
- Yoruba compound terms
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs