ini

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ini"

Languages (35)

Azerbaijani • Central Bikol • Capiznon • Gavião do Jiparaná • Ghotuo • Greenlandic • Hiligaynon • Iban • Indonesian • Isoko • Italian • Kapampangan • Khalaj • Kikuyu • Kou • Latin • Ma'di • Malay • Old Sundanese • Pitjantjatjara • Salar • Serbo-Croatian • Sranan Tongo • Swahili • Tarifit • Tashelhit • Tausug • Turkish • Turkmen • Uneapa • Volapük • Waray-Waray • West Makian • Yosondúa Mixtec • Zazaki

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Page categories

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اینی (ini), from Proto-Common Turkic *ini (“younger brother”).

Noun

ini (definite accusative inini, plural inilər)

1. (Balakan, Qakh, Sheki, Zaqatala) husband's brother

   Synonym: qayın

Declension

Declension of ini

	singular	plural
nominative	ini	inilər
definite accusative	inini	iniləri
dative	iniyə	inilərə
locative	inidə	inilərdə
ablative	inidən	inilərdən
definite genitive	ininin	inilərin

Possessive forms of ini

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inim	inilərim
sənin (“your”)	inin	inilərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisi	iniləri
bizim (“our”)	inimiz	inilərimiz
sizin (“your”)	ininiz	iniləriniz
onların (“their”)	inisi or iniləri	iniləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inimi	inilərimi
sənin (“your”)	inini	inilərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisini	inilərini
bizim (“our”)	inimizi	inilərimizi
sizin (“your”)	ininizi	inilərinizi
onların (“their”)	inisini or inilərini	inilərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inimə	inilərimə
sənin (“your”)	ininə	inilərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisinə	inilərinə
bizim (“our”)	inimizə	inilərimizə
sizin (“your”)	ininizə	inilərinizə
onların (“their”)	inisinə or inilərinə	inilərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inimdə	inilərimdə
sənin (“your”)	inində	inilərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisində	inilərində
bizim (“our”)	inimizdə	inilərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	ininizdə	inilərinizdə
onların (“their”)	inisində or inilərində	inilərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inimdən	inilərimdən
sənin (“your”)	inindən	inilərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisindən	inilərindən
bizim (“our”)	inimizdən	inilərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	ininizdən	inilərinizdən
onların (“their”)	inisindən or inilərindən	inilərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	inimin	inilərimin
sənin (“your”)	ininin	inilərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	inisinin	inilərinin
bizim (“our”)	inimizin	inilərimizin
sizin (“your”)	ininizin	inilərinizin
onların (“their”)	inisinin or inilərinin	inilərinin

Further reading

• “ini” in Obastan.com.

Central Bikol

Alternative forms

• ni

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔiˈni/ [ʔiˈn̪i]
• Hyphenation: i‧ni

Determiner

iní (Basahan spelling ᜁᜈᜒ)

1. this
2. these

Derived terms

• kaini

See also

• idto
• ito
• iyan

Central Bikol demonstratives

case	direct (an)	indirect (kan)	locative	existential
proximal (nearest speaker)	ini	kaini	digdi	uni/huni
medial (near addressee)	iyan	kaiyan	diyan	uya/huyan
distal (far from speaker)	idto/ito	kaidto/kaito	duman	uto/huto

Capiznon

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni. Cognates with Hiligaynon ini, Kapampangan ini, Malay ini.

Pronoun

ini

1. this

Gavião do Jiparaná

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupian *ẽri.

Noun

ini

1. hammock

References

• Denny Moore (1984), Syntax of the Language of the Gavião Indians of Rondônia, Brazil (in Gavião do Jiparaná), page 25

Ghotuo

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Edoid *E-ni.

Noun

īní or ínī

1. elephant

References

• The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentals →ISBN, Koen Bogers, Harry van der Hulst, Maarten Mous (editors), 1986

Greenlandic

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *ǝnǝ (“place, room, house”), from Proto-Eskimo *ǝnǝ (“dwelling place, house”).

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /ini/, [i.nɪ]

Noun

ini (plural init)

1. room
2. nest

Declension

Declension of ini (type illu)

case	singular	plural
absolutive	ini	init
ergative	inip
allative	inimut	ininut
ablative	inimit	ininit
prolative	inikkut	initigut
locative	inimi	inini
instrumental	inimik	ininik
equative	initut

First-person singular declension of iniga (type illu)

case	singular	plural
absolutive	iniga	inikka
ergative	inima
allative	ininnut
ablative	ininnit
prolative	inikkut
locative	ininni
instrumental	ininnik
equative	inittut

Hiligaynon

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni. Cognate with Capiznon ini.

Pronoun

ini

1. this

See also

Hiligaynon demonstratives

case	absolute	ergative	oblique	locative	existential
proximal (nearest speaker)	ini	sini		diri	ari/yari
medial (near addressee)	ina	sina		dira	ara/yara
distal (far from speaker)	adto	sadto		didto	adto/yadto

Iban

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iniəʔ/
• Hyphenation: i‧ni
• Rhymes: -ni

Noun

ini

1. grandmother

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈini/ [ˈi.ni]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ini
• Syllabification: i‧ni
• Homophone: INI

Etymology 1

From Malay ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Alternative forms

• ni (apheretic)

Adverb

ini

1. only, just
   • 1999, Potret, Kentut Siapa?, Aquarius Musikindo:

     Alami ini dan pasti pernah

     It's only natural and everyone has done it before

Determiner

ini

1. this (the (thing) here)
2. this (known (thing) just mentioned)
3. this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)
4. this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)

Pronoun

ini

1. this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)

Usage notes

Together with itu, these can be placed following (in the standard language) or preceding the noun (in the colloquial language), the latter possibly due to the influence of Malay trade and creole languages of eastern Indonesia. Also, this can be shortened colloquially to ni.

• kini (“now”)
• sini (“here”)
• yang ini (“this one”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bungku [Term?]

Noun

ini (plural ini-ini)

1. rice seeds in the form of grains or seeds that will be planted in gardens or fields [since 2024]

Further reading

• “ini”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Isoko

Noun

ini

1. plural of eni
2. plural of oni

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ni/
• Rhymes: -ini
• Hyphenation: ì‧ni

Adjective

ini

1. masculine plural of ino

Kapampangan

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni (compare Indonesian ini).

Pronoun

ini

1. this (the thing, item, etc. being pointed)

   Synonym: iti

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic		اینی

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *ini Cognate with Azerbaijani ini and Salar ini.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ini/

Dialectal forms

• (husband's brother-in-law)
  • (Mehrzamin) IPA^(key): [i̞ni̞]
• (wife's brother-in-law)
  • (Chahak) IPA^(key): [ɪni]
  • (Mehrzamin) IPA^(key): [i̞ni̞]
  • (Vasheqan) IPA^(key): [i̞niː]

Noun

ini (definite accusative iniñ, plural inilər)

1. husband's brother-in-law

   Synonyms: kişi lâlası, qâdın

2. wife's brother-in-law

   Synonyms: hər lâlası, qâdın

Declension

Declension of ini

	singular	plural
nominative	ini	inilər
genitive	iniñ	inilərü̂ñ
dative	inikə	inilərkə
definite accusative	iniñ	inilərü
locative	iniçə	inilərçə
ablative	inidə	inilərdə
instrumental	inilə	inilərlə
equative	inivâra	inilərvâra

Derived terms

• ini kişisi (“sister-in-law, wife of one's brother”)

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1987), Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ìnì(ꜜ)/
• (Kiambu) Yukawa (1981, 1985) classifies this term into a group including ngo, iburi, mũgeni, mũndũ, inooro, rũnyarĩrĩ, mwandĩko, and so on.

Noun

ini class 5 (plural mani)

1. liver

References

• Muiru, David N. (2007). Wĩrute Gĩgĩkũyũ: Marĩtwa Ma Gĩgĩkũyũ Mataũrĩtwo Na Gĩthũngũ, pp. 11, 34.

Kou

Noun

ini

1. (Asas) louse

Further reading

• Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975), page 602

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɪ.niː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.ni]

Verb

inī

1. second-person singular active imperative of ineō

Ma'di

Etymology

Cognate with Lugbara ìnnì.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ìnì]
• Hyphenation: i‧ni

Noun

ị̃nị̃

1. snake

References

• Mairi Blackings; Nigel Fabb (2003), A Grammar of Ma'di, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 650

Malay

Alternative forms

• ni (colloquial)

Etymology

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈini/ [ˈi.ni]
• Rhymes: -ini, -ni, -i

Determiner

ini (Jawi spelling اين)

1. this (the (thing) here)
2. this (known (thing) just mentioned)
3. this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)
4. this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)

Pronoun

ini (Jawi spelling اين)

1. this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)

Usage notes

• kini (“now”)
• sini (“here”)
• yang ini (“this one”)

Old Sundanese

Etymology

First attested in the Kebon Kopi II inscription, 932 AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Determiner

ini

1. this (the thing here)
   • c. 932, Frederik David Kan Bosch, transl., Kebon Kopi II inscription:

     Ini sabdakalānda rākryañ juru pangāmbat i kawihāji pañca pasāgi marsāndeça barpulihkan hāji sunda

     This is the memorial (containing) the order of the Rakryan Juru Pangambat (issued) in (the year) 854 Śaka and decreeing that the ruler of Sunda will be restored to his former state.

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɪnɪ]

Noun

ini

1. name
2. word (especially a word written down)

Derived terms

• inini (“to name”)
• initjara (“big shot; VIP”)
• iniwati (“namesake”)
• ini tjitjitja (“childhood (Aboriginal) name”)

Salar

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ini. Cognate to Turkmen ini.

Pronunciation

• (Xunhua, Hualong, Qinghai; Gansu; Ili, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): /ini/
• (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): /ine/, /inɨ/

Noun

ini (3rd person possessive inisi, plural iniler)

1. younger brother

   İnim bularda görik zhopian yarağur colaci.

   My brother took a lot of beautiful (landscape) photos here.

Derived terms

• ağine
• gaga-ini

References

• Potanin, G.N. (1893), “ini”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian)
• Poyarkov, Alexei; Ladygin, Vasiliy (1893), “Салары. Этнографический очерк [The Salars: An Ethnographic Sketch]”, in Этнографическое ОбозрѢніе: Императорскаго Общества Любителей Естествознанія, Антропологіи и Этнографіи [Ethnographical Review: Imperial Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Publication of the Ethnographic Department, page 32
• Rockhill, William Woodville (1894), Diary of a journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891 and 1892, Washington: Smithsonian Institution, page 374
• Kakuk, S. (1962), “ini”, in “Un Vocabulaire Salar”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎^[2], volume 14, number 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN, pages 173-196
• 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “ini”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎^[3], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 3
• Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “ini, iny, ine”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 338
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “ini”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎^[4], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 119
• Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “ini”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 139
• 马伟 [Ma Wei]; 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014), “ini”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎^[5], 1^st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, pages 102, 109
• 马伟 (Ma Wei) (2016), “ini, ini, ini, ini”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 青海师范大学 (Qinghai Normal University), Unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 272

Serbo-Croatian

Adjective

ini (Cyrillic spelling ини)

1. inflection of in:
   1. masculine nominative/vocative plural
   2. definite masculine nominative/vocative singular
   3. definite inanimate masculine accusative singular

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English in.

Preposition

ini

1. in

Adverb

ini

1. inside

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

ini class V (plural maini class VI)

1. liver (organ of the body)
2. heart (seat of the emotions and feelings)

Tarifit

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Berber *ini (“to say”).

Verb

ini (verbal noun timenna, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵏⵉ)

1. (transitive) to say, to tell

   A dawem-iniɣ ca n řḥajet. ― I'm going to tell you guys something.

2. (transitive) to call, to be called, to be named

   Mamec dac-qqaren? ― What is your name? (literally, “What do they call you?”)

3. (transitive) to mean

   Min yeqqar wawař-enni? ― What does that word mean?

Conjugation

Conjugation of ini

aorist perfective negative perfective imperfective negative imperfective participle yinin yennan yennin yeqqaren yeqqaren singular plural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person aorist m iniɣ tinid yini nini tinim inin f tini tinint inint perfective m nniɣ tennid yenna nenna tennam nnan f tenna tennant nnant negative perfective m nniɣ tennid yenni nenni tennim nnin f tenni tennint nnint imperfective m qqareɣ teqqared yeqqar neqqar teqqarem qqaren f teqqar teqqarent qqarent negative imperfective m qqareɣ teqqared yeqqar neqqar teqqarem qqaren f teqqar teqqarent qqarent aorist imperative m ini inim, init f inint imperfective imperative m qqar qqarem, qqaret f qqarent

Derived terms

• amennan (“smooth talker, braggart”)
• (passive) twanna (“to be said”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Noun

ini m (plural inyen or inyan, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵏⵉ)

1. hearthstone; stone which is placed round a fireplace in order to support cooking pots etc.

   Synonym: (Iqeřɛiyen) imri

Tashelhit

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Berber *ini (“to say”), from earlier *iwni, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic.

Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵏⵉ (ini, “to say”), Kabyle, Northern Saharan Berber, and Tarifit ini (“to say”), Ghadames ăn (“to say”), Awjila an-ìs (“to say”), Sokna en (“to say”), Tuareg ằn, ănn (“to say”), Tetserret ǝnn (“to say”), Zenaga yənnäh (“to say”), and Egyptian jn (“to say”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ini/

Verb

ini (intensive aorist ttini, preterite nna, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵏⵉ, Arabic spelling ايني)

1. to say, to tell

   يان د يقّان ا يساوال، ييني الصّاحت.

   yan d iqqan a isawl, yini ṣṣaḥt.

   he who is obliged to speak, must tell the truth.

2. to call

   ماد تّينيم ي غاياد. ― mad ttinim i ġayad. ― what do you call this.

3. to think, to believe, to suppose

   نّيغ يس يدّا. ― nniġ is idda. ― I thought he left.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ini/

Verb

ini (intensive aorist ttini, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵏⵉ, Arabic spelling ايني)

1. alternative form of ni (“to ride, to be ridden”)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ini/

Conjunction

ini (Arabic spelling ايني)

1. (archaic) if

   Synonyms: iɣ, mla, mradis

   آيسيلاد يني ضرّان ― aysilad ini ḍṛṛan. ― except if they are harmful.

   ايني ت يغوا وباليس ― ini t iġwa ubalis. ― if the devil tempts him.

See also

• fiss (“to be silent”)
• sawl (“to talk”)
• ssn (“to know”)

References

• Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 2 f—l (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/2) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1123a

Tausug

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni.

Pronunciation

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /ʔini/ [ʔɪˈn̪i]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i‧ni

Pronoun

ini (Sulat Sūg spelling اِنِ)

1. this

Turkish

Noun

ini

1. accusative singular of in
2. third-person singular simple present possessive of in

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iːni]

Noun

ini

1. younger brother

   Coordinate term: aga

2. son of brother

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *(i-)ni (“this”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ini/

Pronoun

ini

1. that

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 364
• Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

Volapük

Preposition

ini

1. into

Waray-Waray

Pronoun

iní

1. this

West Makian

Etymology

Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngoni.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.n̪i/

Pronoun

ini (possessive prefix fi)

1. second-person plural pronoun, you all

See also

West Makian personal pronouns

		independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular		de	ti
2nd person singular		ni	ni
3rd person singular		me	mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural	inclusive	ene	nV
	exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural		ini	fi
3rd person plural		eme	di

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[6], Pacific linguistics

Yosondúa Mixtec

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Mixtec *ínì.

Noun

ini

1. stomach

Preposition

ini

1. inside

References

• Beaty de Farris, Kathryn; et al. (2012), Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎^[7] (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 10

Zazaki

Noun

ini (c)

1. this
2. fountain