Peking

See also: Péking

English

Etymology

From a romanization of Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), compare Middle Chinese 北京 (MC pək̚ kˠiæŋ) or Cantonese 北京 (bak1 ging1), itself derived from French Péking, a transcription based on the Nanjing-dialect pronunciation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /piːˈkɪŋ/, /peɪ.ˈkɪŋ/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪŋ
• Hyphenation: Pe‧king

Proper noun

Peking

1. Dated form of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China.
   • 1655, The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China‎^[1], page 273:

     The Emperour hearing of the ill ſucceſſe of this Affairs, began to think of leaving the Northern parts, where his Royal City of Peking is ſituated, and to paſſe to Nankuing which is far more Southward; but he was diſſwaded from this intended courſe as well by his loyal, as diſloyal ſubjec͡ts : by theſe, that they might give him up more ſpeedily into the enemies hands, before their treachery was diſcovered; and by the others, leſt his flight might trouble the Kingdome more, and diſcourage all his Subjec͡ts from giving their beſt aſſiſtance; for they thought the City impregnable, being fortified with ſo ſtrong a Garriſon; nor did they doubt that the Kings preſence would draw the ſources of the whole Kingdom to him.

   • 1868, Robert Fortune, Yedo and Peking: A Narrative of a Journey to the Capitals of Japan and China‎^[2], London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, page 344:

     Having received permission to visit Peking from his Excellency the Hon. F. W. A. Bruce, Her Majesty’s Minister at the China Court, I left Tien-tsin for that place on the 17th of September.

   • 1914, Frank L. Brown, A Sunday School Tour of the Orient‎^[3], Doubleday, Page & Company, page 307:

     While the main party was at Peking, Dr. Wilbur went northward to visit the interesting and important mission station at Kalgan.
     Kalgan is one hundred and twenty miles to the northwest of Peking, and is reached by a Chinese government railroad, the first railroad built by a Chinese engineer.

   • 1971, Central Intelligence Bulletin‎^[4], Directorate of Intelligence, page 5:

     COMMUNIST CHINA: Peking is expanding its naval activity in the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea some 200 miles southeast of Hai-nan Island.

   • 1972 February 20, President Richard Nixon, Nixon in China (The Film)‎^[5], Agana, Guam: Richard Nixon Presidential Library, 15:48 from the start:

     This is not a time for a long speech but, I would not want this opportunity to pass without saying just a word with regard to the significance of this moment. Some of you may recall that it was two and a half years ago that right here in Guam, I announced a new direction for American foreign policy based on the principles of self-reliance, self-respect- equal dignity for all nations, large and small throughout the world. And tomorrow, I will take off from Guam for Shanghai and Peking, the first President of the United States ever to visit China. Guam, I know it is said, is where the American day begins. And I would hope that all of you today would join me in this prayer, that with this trip to China, a new day may begin for the whole world. Thank you very much.

   • 2010 December, John Pollock, A Foreign Devil in China, World Wide Publications, →ISBN, page 45:

     Back at Tsingkiangpu the Bells had a taste of the unsettled state of China in the years when warlords ruled provinces on behalf of the government in Peking but were virtually independent autocrats clinging to power until toppled by another.

Usage notes

Although more common in English as late as the 1980s, the Postal Map romanization Peking is now less common than pinyin Beijing in standard English and, although not obsolete, can feel dated or even historical.

The adjectival form Pekingese remains more common than recent updates such as Beijingese and Beijinger.

Derived terms

• Pekingologist
• Peking duck
• Peking opera
• Peking ravioli

Related terms

• Pekingese

Translations

Beijing — see Beijing

Anagrams

• Keping, keping

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Czech

Proper noun

Peking m

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Derived terms

• Pekiňan
• pekingský

Further reading

• Peking in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
• Peking in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeːkɪŋ/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Peking n

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

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Finnish

Alternative forms

• Beijing

Proper noun

Peking

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Declension

Inflection of Peking (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		Peking	—
genitive		Pekingin	—
partitive		Pekingiä	—
illative		Pekingiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Peking	—
accusative	nom.	Peking	—
	gen.	Pekingin
genitive		Pekingin	—
partitive		Pekingiä	—
inessive		Pekingissä	—
elative		Pekingistä	—
illative		Pekingiin	—
adessive		Pekingillä	—
ablative		Pekingiltä	—
allative		Pekingille	—
essive		Pekinginä	—
translative		Pekingiksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		Pekingittä	—
comitative		—	—

Possessive forms of Peking (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	Pekingini	Pekingimme
2nd person	Pekingisi	Pekinginne
3rd person	Pekinginsä

Derived terms

• Pekingin ankka
• Pekingin ooppera

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeːkɪŋ/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Peking n (genitive Pekings)

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Usage notes

• In German, Peking remains the vastly predominant form of the name in all contexts (except perhaps sinologist literature and the like).

Synonyms

• Beijing (rare)

Derived terms

• Pekingente

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛkiŋɡ]
• Hyphenation: Pe‧king
• Rhymes: -iŋɡ

Proper noun

Peking

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	Peking	—
accusative	Pekinget	—
dative	Pekingnek	—
instrumental	Pekinggel	—
causal-final	Pekingért	—
translative	Pekinggé	—
terminative	Pekingig	—
essive-formal	Pekingként	—
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	Pekingben	—
superessive	Pekingen	—
adessive	Pekingnél	—
illative	Pekingbe	—
sublative	Pekingre	—
allative	Pekinghez	—
elative	Pekingből	—
delative	Pekingről	—
ablative	Pekingtől	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	Pekingé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	Pekingéi	—

Possessive forms of Peking
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	Pekingem	—
2nd person sing.	Pekinged	—
3rd person sing.	Pekingje	—
1st person plural	Pekingünk	—
2nd person plural	Pekingetek	—
3rd person plural	Pekingjük	—

Synonyms

• Beijing

Derived terms

• pekingi

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Interlingua

Proper noun

Peking

1. Peking (the former name of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pěkinɡ/
• Hyphenation: Pe‧king

Proper noun

Pèking m (Cyrillic spelling Пѐкинг)

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Declension

Declension of Peking

	singular
nominative	Peking
genitive	Pekinga
dative	Pekingu
accusative	Peking
vocative	Pekinže
locative	Pekingu
instrumental	Pekingom

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Swedish

Alternative forms

• Beijing

Proper noun

Peking ? (genitive Pekings)

1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Anagrams

• knepig