-ma
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"
Languages (20)
Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Bambara
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- particle indicating a link between two people
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- particle creating adjectives from common nouns
Derived terms
[edit]Choctaw
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
See also
[edit]- -pa (“this”)
Dutch
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names
Estonian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix
[edit]-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
- Forms verbs from nouns.
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of -ma (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -an | ei -a | 1st sing. | olen -anud | ei ole -anud pole -anud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -ad | 2nd sing. | oled -anud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ab | 3rd sing. | on -anud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -ame | 1st plur. | oleme -anud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ate | 2nd plur. | olete -anud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -avad | 3rd plur. | on -anud | ||||||
| impersonal | -atakse | ei -ata | impersonal | on -atud | ei ole -atud pole -atud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -asin | ei -anud | 1st sing. | olin -anud | ei olnud -anud polnud -anud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -asid | 2nd sing. | olid -anud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -as | 3rd sing. | oli -anud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -asime | 1st plur. | olime -anud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -asite | 2nd plur. | olite -anud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -asid | 3rd plur. | oli -anud | ||||||
| impersonal | -ati | ei -atud | impersonal | oli -atud | ei olnud -atud polnud -atud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -aksin | ei -aks | 1st sing. | -anuksin oleksin -anud |
ei -anuks ei oleks -anud poleks -anud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -aksid | 2nd sing. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aks | 3rd sing. | -anuks oleks -anud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -aksime | 1st plur. | -anuksime oleksime -anud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aksite | 2nd plur. | -anuksite oleksite -anud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aksid | 3rd plur. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
| impersonal | -ataks | ei -ataks | impersonal | oleks -atud | ei oleks -atud poleks -atud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -a | ära -a | 2nd sing. | ole -anud | ära ole -anud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd sing. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -akem | ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem |
1st plur. | olgem -anud | ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -ake | ärge -ake | 2nd plur. | olge -anud | ärge olge -anud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd plur. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
| impersonal | -atagu | ärgu -atagu | impersonal | olgu -atud | ärgu olgu -atud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -avat | ei -avat | active | olevat -anud | ei olevat -anud polevat -anud | ||||
| passive | -atavat | ei -atavat | passive | olevat -atud | ei olevat -atud polevat -atud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | -ama | -atama | nominative | -ata | olla -anud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | -ates | olles -anud | |||||
| inessive | -amas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | -amast | present | -av | -atav | |||||
| translative | -amaks | past | -anud | -atud | |||||
| abessive | -amata | negative | -amatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix
[edit]-ma
- The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).
Suffix
[edit]-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
- (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
- Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
Inflection
[edit]| Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| genitive | -man | -mien | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
| gen. | -man | ||
| genitive | -man | -mien -main rare | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| inessive | -massa | -missa | |
| elative | -masta | -mista | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| adessive | -malla | -milla | |
| ablative | -malta | -milta | |
| allative | -malle | -mille | |
| essive | -mana | -mina | |
| translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
| abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
| instructive | — | -min | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
[edit]-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- The suffix of the agent participle.
- The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.
Inflection
[edit]| Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| genitive | -man | -mien | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
| gen. | -man | ||
| genitive | -man | -mien -main rare | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| inessive | -massa | -missa | |
| elative | -masta | -mista | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| adessive | -malla | -milla | |
| ablative | -malta | -milta | |
| allative | -malle | -mille | |
| essive | -mana | -mina | |
| translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
| abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
| instructive | — | -min | |
| comitative | — | -mine | |
| Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]Garo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎 / 吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me. [1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
Usage notes
[edit]- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ma is added to back-vowel words
- -me is added to front-vowel words
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ma | -mák |
| accusative | -mát | -mákat |
| dative | -mának | -máknak |
| instrumental | -mával | -mákkal |
| causal-final | -máért | -mákért |
| translative | -mává | -mákká |
| terminative | -máig | -mákig |
| essive-formal | -maként | -mákként |
| essive-modal | -mául | -mákul |
| inessive | -mában | -mákban |
| superessive | -mán | -mákon |
| adessive | -mánál | -máknál |
| illative | -mába | -mákba |
| sublative | -mára | -mákra |
| allative | -mához | -mákhoz |
| elative | -mából | -mákból |
| delative | -máról | -mákról |
| ablative | -mától | -máktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
-máé | -máké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
-máéi | -mákéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | -mám | -máim |
| 2nd person sing. | -mád | -máid |
| 3rd person sing. | -mája | -mái |
| 1st person plural | -mánk | -máink |
| 2nd person plural | -mátok | -máitok |
| 3rd person plural | -májuk | -máik |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma (front vowel variant -mä)
- Used to form result nouns from verbs.
Declension
[edit]| Declension of -ma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -ma | -mat |
| genitive | -man | -mmiin |
| partitive | -mmaa | -mmia |
| illative | -mmaa | -mmii |
| inessive | -mas | -mis |
| elative | -mast | -mist |
| allative | -malle | -mille |
| adessive | -mal | -mil |
| ablative | -malt | -milt |
| translative | -maks | -miks |
| essive | -manna, -mmaan | -minna, -mmiin |
| exessive1) | -mant | -mint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-ma
Kambera
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-ma
See also
[edit]| nominative | genitive | accusative | dative | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first person | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga | |
| second person | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau | ||
| third person | na- | -na | -ya | -nya | ||
| plural | first person |
inclusive | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
| exclusive | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama | ||
| second person | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) | ||
| third person | da- | -da | -ha | -nja | ||
Kari'na
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.
- Forms transitive verbs from loanwords.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 133–134, 311
- Yamada, Racquel-María (2010), “-ma”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume[2], University of Oregon, page 767
Laboya
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-ma
See also
[edit]| subject | subject/ possessive |
object | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | 1st person | gu- | -gu | -ga |
| 2nd person | mu- | -mu | -gu | |
| 3rd person | na- | -na | -ni | |
| plural | 1st person inclusive | da- | -da | -da |
| 1st person exclusive | ma- | -ma | -gama | |
| 2nd person | mi- | -mi | -gimi | |
| 3rd person | ɗa- | -ɗa | -di |
Latvian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).
Derived terms
[edit]Murui Huitoto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Classifier
[edit]-ma
- Classifier for masculine animate nouns.
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)[3] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207
Old English
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- alternative form of -uma
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Suffix
[edit]-ma
Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).
Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
- I won't weep for you any more.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).
Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
- I really don't like to be forgotten.
Warlpiri
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
Ye'kwana
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.
Usage notes
[edit]Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[5], Lyon, page 148
Categories:
- Azerbaijani non-lemma forms
- Azerbaijani suffix forms
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara suffixes
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw suffixes
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian verb-forming suffixes
- Estonian hüppama-type verbs
- Estonian inflectional suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Garo lemmas
- Garo suffixes
- Hungarian words originating from the language reform
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Kari'na terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kari'na lemmas
- Kari'na suffixes
- Laboya lemmas
- Laboya pronouns
- Laboya pronominal clitics
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian suffixes
- Murui Huitoto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Murui Huitoto lemmas
- Murui Huitoto classifiers
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali suffix forms
- Pali suffix forms in Latin script
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish suffix forms
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Warlpiri lemmas
- Warlpiri suffixes
- Ye'kwana terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana suffixes