kaana
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Kikuyu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Hinde (1904) records kana (pl. twana) as an equivalent of English child in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba kana (pl. twana) and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba gana (pl. twana) as its equivalents.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a disyllabic stem, together with kĩhaato, mbembe, kiugo, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
- (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including bũrũri (pl. mabũrũri), ikara, ikinya, itimũ, kanitha (pl. makanitha), kiugo, kĩhaato, maguta, mũgeka, mũkonyo, mũrata, mwana, mbembe, mbũri, nyaga, riitho, riũa, rũrĩmĩ (pl. nĩmĩ), ũhoro (pl. mohoro), and so on.[2]
Noun[edit]
kaana class 12 (plural twana)
Derived terms[edit]
(Proverbs)
Related terms[edit]
(Nouns)
- mwana class 1
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 12–3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
- “kaana” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Northern Ohlone[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- kāna (Harrington's orthography)
Etymology[edit]
Compare Southern Ohlone kaan (“I”).
Pronoun[edit]
kaana (objective kiš, possessive ek-, enclitic subject -ek)
- I (first-person, singular, subject pronoun)
See also[edit]
Northern Ohlone personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Subject | Object | Possesive | ||||
| Disjunctive1 | Proclitic |
Enclitic | Disjunctive1 | Proclitic | Enclitic | |||
| Singular | First | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
| Second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
| Third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
| Plural | First | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
| Second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
| Third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
| 1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek | ||||||||
References[edit]
María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)[1], Unpublished