-ari

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ari"

Basque

Etymology 1

From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.

Alternative forms

• -lari, -kari

Suffix

-ari

1. Used to create names of occupations from nouns.

   ‎olerki (“poem”) + ‎-ari → ‎olerkari (“poet”)

2. Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each

   ‎egun (“day”) + ‎-ari → ‎egunkari (“newspaper”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ari (occupation)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• -kari

Suffix

-ari

1. Used in names of meals.

   ‎arrats (“evening”) + ‎-ari → ‎askari (“afternoon snack”)

   ‎baratu (“to stop”) + ‎-ari → ‎barazkari (“lunch”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ari (meal)

Etymology 3

From -a (definite article) +‎ -(r)i (dative suffix).

Suffix

-ari

1. Dative singular suffix.

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

Suffix

-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)

1. forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”

   ‎revolució (“revolution”) + ‎-ari → ‎revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ari

Further reading

• “-ari”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “-ari” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Faroese

Etymology

From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.

Suffix

-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

1. -er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)

   at baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“a baker”).

Declension

Declension of -ari
m1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-ari	-arin	-arar	-ararnir
accusative	-ara	-aran	-arar	-ararnar
dative	-ara	-aranum	-arum	-arunum
genitive	-ara	-arans	-ara	-aranna

Derived terms

Faroese terms suffixed with -ari

• átari
• flekjari
• klokkari
• skrivar

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -uri

Etymology

Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.

Suffix

-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)

1. Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.

   ‎kartta (“map”) + ‎-uri → ‎kartturi (“navigator”)

   ‎vaate (“garment”) + ‎-uri → ‎vaatturi (“tailor”)

   ‎duunata (“to work”) + ‎-ari → ‎duunari (“worker”)

   ‎puutarha (“garden”) + ‎-uri → ‎puutarhuri (“gardener”)

   ‎urut (“organ”) + ‎-uri → ‎urkuri (“organist”)

   ‎saha (“saw, sawmill”) + ‎-uri → ‎sahuri (“sawmill operator”)

   ‎rokki (“rock music”) + ‎-ari → ‎rokkari (“rocker”)

2. (colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.

   ‎huppu + ‎-ari → ‎huppari

   ‎häly + ‎-ari → ‎häläri

   ‎hintti + ‎-ari → ‎hinttari

   ‎kulma + ‎-uri → ‎kulmuri

3. (colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.

   ‎ostoskeskus + ‎-ari → ‎ostari

   ‎ryynimakkara + ‎-ari → ‎ryynäri

   ‎poskisauhu + ‎-ari → ‎poskari

4. (slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"

   ‎kommunisti (“communist”) + ‎-ari → ‎kommari

   ‎sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + ‎-ari → ‎demari

Usage notes

• In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.

Declension

Inflection of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		-ari	-arit
genitive		-arin	-arien -areiden -areitten
partitive		-aria	-areita -areja
illative		-ariin	-areihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ari	-arit
accusative	nom.	-ari	-arit
	gen.	-arin
genitive		-arin	-arien -areiden -areitten
partitive		-aria	-areita -areja
inessive		-arissa	-areissa
elative		-arista	-areista
illative		-ariin	-areihin
adessive		-arilla	-areilla
ablative		-arilta	-areilta
allative		-arille	-areille
essive		-arina	-areina
translative		-ariksi	-areiksi
abessive		-aritta	-areitta
instructive		—	-arein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -arini -arini accusative nom. -arini -arini gen. -arini genitive -arini -arieni -areideni -areitteni partitive -ariani -areitani -arejani inessive -arissani -areissani elative -aristani -areistani illative -ariini -areihini adessive -arillani -areillani ablative -ariltani -areiltani allative -arilleni -areilleni essive -arinani -areinani translative -arikseni -areikseni abessive -arittani -areittani instructive — — comitative — -areineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -arisi -arisi accusative nom. -arisi -arisi gen. -arisi genitive -arisi -ariesi -areidesi -areittesi partitive -ariasi -areitasi -arejasi inessive -arissasi -areissasi elative -aristasi -areistasi illative -ariisi -areihisi adessive -arillasi -areillasi ablative -ariltasi -areiltasi allative -arillesi -areillesi essive -arinasi -areinasi translative -ariksesi -areiksesi abessive -arittasi -areittasi instructive — — comitative — -areinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -arimme -arimme accusative nom. -arimme -arimme gen. -arimme genitive -arimme -ariemme -areidemme -areittemme partitive -ariamme -areitamme -arejamme inessive -arissamme -areissamme elative -aristamme -areistamme illative -ariimme -areihimme adessive -arillamme -areillamme ablative -ariltamme -areiltamme allative -arillemme -areillemme essive -arinamme -areinamme translative -ariksemme -areiksemme abessive -arittamme -areittamme instructive — — comitative — -areinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -arinne -arinne accusative nom. -arinne -arinne gen. -arinne genitive -arinne -arienne -areidenne -areittenne partitive -arianne -areitanne -arejanne inessive -arissanne -areissanne elative -aristanne -areistanne illative -ariinne -areihinne adessive -arillanne -areillanne ablative -ariltanne -areiltanne allative -arillenne -areillenne essive -arinanne -areinanne translative -ariksenne -areiksenne abessive -arittanne -areittanne instructive — — comitative — -areinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -arinsa -arinsa accusative nom. -arinsa -arinsa gen. -arinsa genitive -arinsa -ariensa -areidensa -areittensa partitive -ariaan -ariansa -areitaan -arejaan -areitansa -arejansa inessive -arissaan -arissansa -areissaan -areissansa elative -aristaan -aristansa -areistaan -areistansa illative -ariinsa -areihinsa adessive -arillaan -arillansa -areillaan -areillansa ablative -ariltaan -ariltansa -areiltaan -areiltansa allative -arilleen -arillensa -areilleen -areillensa essive -arinaan -arinansa -areinaan -areinansa translative -arikseen -ariksensa -areikseen -areiksensa abessive -arittaan -arittansa -areittaan -areittansa instructive — — comitative — -areineen -areinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ari

Finnish terms suffixed with -uri

Icelandic

Etymology

From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

Suffix

-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

1. -er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)

   leika (“to act”) + -ari → leikari (“an actor”).

Derived terms

Icelandic terms suffixed with -ari

• kallari
• togari

Italian

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ari m or f

1. plural of -are

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ari m

1. masculine plural of -aro

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ari m

1. masculine plural of -ario

Anagrams

• -irà, RAI, Rai, ira, rai, ria, rià

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.riː/, [ˈäːriː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ri/, [ˈäːri]

Etymology 1

Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".

Suffix

-ārī

1. present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ārī

1. dative/ablative singular of -āris

Old High German

Alternative forms

• -ari, -eri

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.

Suffix

-āri

1. used to form agent nouns

   from nouns: ‎buoch (“book”) + ‎-āri → ‎buochāri (“scholar”)

   from verbs: ‎hëlfan (“to help”) + ‎-āri → ‎hëlfāri (“helper”)

Derived terms

Old High German terms suffixed with -ari

Descendants

• Middle High German: -ære, -er
  • Alemannic German: -er
  • Bavarian: -er
  • Cimbrian: -ar
  • German: -er
  • Luxembourgish: -er
  • Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.

Suffix

-āri

1. used to form demonyms

   Baiāri (“Bavarian”)

   Romāri (“Roman”)

Descendants

• German: -er

Old Norse

Etymology

Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).

Suffix

-ari m

1. a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs

   ‎baka (“to bake”) + ‎-ari → ‎bakari (“baker”)

Usage notes

• -ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.

Descendants

• Icelandic: -ari
• Faroese: -ari
• Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
• Old Swedish: -are, -ari
  • Swedish: -are
• Danish: -er
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -er
• → Estonian: -r
• → Finnish: -ari, -uri

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.

Suffix

-āri

1. Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
2. Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er

Declension

Declension of -āri (masculine ja-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	-āri	-ārios
accusative	-āri	-ārios
genitive	-āries	-āriō
dative	-ārie	-ārium
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere
  • Low German: -er

References

• Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

Old Swedish

Suffix

-ari m

1. Alternative form of -are

Declension

Declension of -are (weak an-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-are	-aren	-arar	-ararnir
accusative	-ara	-aran	-ara	-arana
dative	-ara	-aranom	-arom	-aronom
genitive	-ara	-arans	-ara	-aranna

Romansch

Etymology

From Latin -ārium, -ārius.

Suffix

-ari

1. -ary (nominal suffix)