-ari

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ari"

Basque

Etymology 1

From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.^[1]^[2]

Alternative forms

-lari, -kari

Suffix

-ari

Used to create names of occupations from nouns.
‎olerki (“poem”) + ‎-ari → ‎olerkari (“poet”)
Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each
‎egun (“day”) + ‎-ari → ‎egunkari (“newspaper”)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

-kari

Suffix

-ari

Used in names of meals.
‎arrats (“evening”) + ‎-ari → ‎askari (“afternoon snack”)

‎baratu (“to stop”) + ‎-ari → ‎barazkari (“lunch”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ari (meal)

afari

barazkari

Etymology 3

From -a (definite article) +‎ -(r)i (dative suffix).

Suffix

-ari

Dative singular suffix.

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inan	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim	―	―	―	―
locative	inan	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inan	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inan	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inan	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inan	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inan	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

References

^ Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca [Basque Historical Phonetics] (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135
^ R. L. Trask (2008) “-ari”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 68

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

Suffix

-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)

forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”
‎revolució (“revolution”) + ‎-ari → ‎revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

Derived terms

Faroese

Etymology

From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.

Suffix

-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

-er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)
at baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“a baker”).

Declension

m1	singular		plural
m1	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-ari	-arin	-arar	-ararnir
accusative	-ara	-aran	-arar	-ararnar
dative	-ara	-aranum	-arum	-arunum
genitive	-ara	-arans	-ara	-aranna

Derived terms

Finnish

Alternative forms

-uri

Etymology

Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.

Suffix

-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)

Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.
‎kartta (“map”) + ‎-uri → ‎kartturi (“navigator”)

‎vaate (“garment”) + ‎-uri → ‎vaatturi (“tailor”)

‎duunata (“to work”) + ‎-ari → ‎duunari (“worker”)

‎puutarha (“garden”) + ‎-uri → ‎puutarhuri (“gardener”)

‎urut (“organ”) + ‎-uri → ‎urkuri (“organist”)

‎saha (“saw, sawmill”) + ‎-uri → ‎sahuri (“sawmill operator”)

‎rokki (“rock music”) + ‎-ari → ‎rokkari (“rocker”)
(colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.
‎huppu + ‎-ari → ‎huppari

‎häly + ‎-ari → ‎häläri

‎hintti + ‎-ari → ‎hinttari

‎kulma + ‎-uri → ‎kulmuri
(colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.
‎ostoskeskus + ‎-ari → ‎ostari

‎ryynimakkara + ‎-ari → ‎ryynäri

‎poskisauhu + ‎-ari → ‎poskari
(slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"
‎kommunisti (“communist”) + ‎-ari → ‎kommari

‎sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + ‎-ari → ‎demari

Usage notes

In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.

Declension

Inflection of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		-ari	-arit
genitive		-arin	-arien -areiden -areitten
partitive		-aria	-areita -areja
illative		-ariin	-areihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ari	-arit
accusative	nom.	-ari	-arit
accusative	gen.	-arin	-arit
genitive		-arin	-arien -areiden -areitten
partitive		-aria	-areita -areja
inessive		-arissa	-areissa
elative		-arista	-areista
illative		-ariin	-areihin
adessive		-arilla	-areilla
ablative		-arilta	-areilta
allative		-arille	-areille
essive		-arina	-areina
translative		-ariksi	-areiksi
abessive		-aritta	-areitta
instructive		—	-arein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-arini	-arini
accusative	nom.	-arini	-arini
accusative	gen.	-arini	-arini
genitive		-arini	-arieni -areideni -areitteni
partitive		-ariani	-areitani -arejani
inessive		-arissani	-areissani
elative		-aristani	-areistani
illative		-ariini	-areihini
adessive		-arillani	-areillani
ablative		-ariltani	-areiltani
allative		-arilleni	-areilleni
essive		-arinani	-areinani
translative		-arikseni	-areikseni
abessive		-arittani	-areittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-areineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-arisi	-arisi
accusative	nom.	-arisi	-arisi
accusative	gen.	-arisi	-arisi
genitive		-arisi	-ariesi -areidesi -areittesi
partitive		-ariasi	-areitasi -arejasi
inessive		-arissasi	-areissasi
elative		-aristasi	-areistasi
illative		-ariisi	-areihisi
adessive		-arillasi	-areillasi
ablative		-ariltasi	-areiltasi
allative		-arillesi	-areillesi
essive		-arinasi	-areinasi
translative		-ariksesi	-areiksesi
abessive		-arittasi	-areittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-areinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-arimme	-arimme
accusative	nom.	-arimme	-arimme
accusative	gen.	-arimme	-arimme
genitive		-arimme	-ariemme -areidemme -areittemme
partitive		-ariamme	-areitamme -arejamme
inessive		-arissamme	-areissamme
elative		-aristamme	-areistamme
illative		-ariimme	-areihimme
adessive		-arillamme	-areillamme
ablative		-ariltamme	-areiltamme
allative		-arillemme	-areillemme
essive		-arinamme	-areinamme
translative		-ariksemme	-areiksemme
abessive		-arittamme	-areittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-areinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-arinne	-arinne
accusative	nom.	-arinne	-arinne
accusative	gen.	-arinne	-arinne
genitive		-arinne	-arienne -areidenne -areittenne
partitive		-arianne	-areitanne -arejanne
inessive		-arissanne	-areissanne
elative		-aristanne	-areistanne
illative		-ariinne	-areihinne
adessive		-arillanne	-areillanne
ablative		-ariltanne	-areiltanne
allative		-arillenne	-areillenne
essive		-arinanne	-areinanne
translative		-ariksenne	-areiksenne
abessive		-arittanne	-areittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-areinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-arinsa	-arinsa
accusative	nom.	-arinsa	-arinsa
accusative	gen.	-arinsa	-arinsa
genitive		-arinsa	-ariensa -areidensa -areittensa
partitive		-ariaan -ariansa	-areitaan -arejaan -areitansa -arejansa
inessive		-arissaan -arissansa	-areissaan -areissansa
elative		-aristaan -aristansa	-areistaan -areistansa
illative		-ariinsa	-areihinsa
adessive		-arillaan -arillansa	-areillaan -areillansa
ablative		-ariltaan -ariltansa	-areiltaan -areiltansa
allative		-arilleen -arillensa	-areilleen -areillensa
essive		-arinaan -arinansa	-areinaan -areinansa
translative		-arikseen -ariksensa	-areikseen -areiksensa
abessive		-arittaan -arittansa	-areittaan -areittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-areineen -areinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ari

Finnish terms suffixed with -uri

Icelandic

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse -ari (suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

Suffix

-ari m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ara, nominative plural -arar)

-er, -or; a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems
‎leika (“to act”) + ‎-ari → ‎leikari (“actor”)

Declension

Declension of *-ari* (masculine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-ari	-arinn	-arar	-ararnir
accusative	-ara	-arann	-ara	-arana
dative	-ara	-aranum	-urum	-urunum
genitive	-ara	-arans	-ara	-aranna

Derived terms

Italian

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ari m or f

plural of -are

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ari m

masculine plural of -aro

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ari m

masculine plural of -ario

Anagrams

-irà, RAI, Rai, ira, rai, ria, rià

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.riː/, [ˈäːriː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ri/, [ˈäːri]

Etymology 1

Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".

Suffix

-ārī

present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ārī

dative/ablative singular of -āris

Old High German

Alternative forms

-ari, -eri

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

Suffix

-āri

used to form agent nouns
from nouns: ‎buoch (“book”) + ‎-āri → ‎buochāri (“scholar”)

from verbs: ‎hëlfan (“to help”) + ‎-āri → ‎hëlfāri (“helper”)

Derived terms

Old High German terms suffixed with -ari

Descendants

Middle High German: -ære, -er
- Alemannic German: -er
- Bavarian: -er
- Cimbrian: -ar
- German: -er
- Luxembourgish: -er
- Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.

Suffix

-āri

used to form demonyms
Baiāri (“Bavarian”)

Romāri (“Roman”)

Descendants

German: -er

Old Norse

Etymology

Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).^[1]

Suffix

-ari m

a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs
‎baka (“to bake”) + ‎-ari → ‎bakari (“baker”)

Usage notes

-ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.

Descendants

Icelandic: -ari
Faroese: -ari
Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
Old Swedish: -are, -ari
- Swedish: -are
Old Danish: -eræ
- Danish: -er
- Norwegian Bokmål: -er
→ Estonian: -r
→ Finnish: -ari, -uri

References

^ Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære (in Old Norse), page 246

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

Suffix

-āri

Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er

Declension

**-āri** (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	-āri	-ārios
accusative	-āri	-ārios
genitive	-āries	-āriō
dative	-ārie	-ārium
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere
- Low German: -er

References

Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

Old Swedish

Suffix

-ari m

Alternative form of -are

Declension

Declension of -are (weak an-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-are	-aren	-arar	-ararnir
accusative	-ara	-aran	-ara	-arana
dative	-ara	-aranom	-arom	-aronom
genitive	-ara	-arans	-ara	-aranna

Romansch

Etymology

From Latin -ārium, -ārius.

Suffix

-ari

-ary (nominal suffix)

[1] Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca [Basque Historical Phonetics] (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135

[2] R. L. Trask (2008) “-ari”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 68

[3] Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære (in Old Norse), page 246

[1]

[2]

[1]

Basque

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

Declension

References

Catalan

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Faroese

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Finnish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Icelandic

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Italian

Etymology 1

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Etymology 3

Suffix

Anagrams

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Old High German

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Suffix

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Suffix

Descendants

Old Norse

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Descendants

References

Old Saxon

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Descendants

References

Old Swedish

Suffix

Declension

Romansch

Etymology

Suffix