-ed
English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
- (other denominal adjectives):
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
- pointed (as in He pointed at the dog.)
Translations[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
- pointed (as in He has pointed at the dog.)
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Compare also Latin -ātus.
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- pointed (as in A needle has a pointed end. - the end of a needle has a point.)
- horned (as in a horned antelope - an antelope possessing horns)
- hooved
- Antonym: -less
- As an extension of the above, when used along with an adjective preceding the noun, describes something that has an object of a particular quality.
- red-haired (having red hair)
- left-handed (having a left hand as more dexterous hand)
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Breton[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ed
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
-e- (linking vowel) + -d (possessive suffix)
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
Usage notes[edit]
- (possessive suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2[edit]
-e- (linking vowel) + -d (personal suffix)
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- (personal suffix) Used to form the definite second-person singular present indicative of verbs.
Usage notes[edit]
- (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
én | 1st person singular subject with 2nd person object |
-lak | -lek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-alak | -elek |
Etymology 3[edit]
-e- (linking vowel) + -d (fraction and frequentative suffix)
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- (fraction suffix) Added to an cardinal number to form a fraction.
- (frequentative suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
- mond (“to say”)
Usage notes[edit]
- (fraction suffix) Variants:
- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Ido[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.
Suffix[edit]
-ed
Derived terms[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Alternative form of -hede
References[edit]
- “-hed(e (suf.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 June 2018.
Old English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- slender form of -ad
Welsh[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Brythonic *-hed, from Proto-Celtic *-isetos.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Forms an equative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
Usage notes[edit]
Causes fortition of final voiced consonant of adjectival roots.
Etymology 2[edit]
Reduced form of -fed. Cognate with Cornish -es.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form the ordinal forms of five and six.
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form verbal nouns.
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form nouns.
Etymology 5[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/, /ai̯d/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- Used to form plural nouns.
Usage notes[edit]
-ed is only used in the above two plural forms in Modern Welsh.
Etymology 6[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ed
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular imperative
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “-ed”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English inflectional suffixes
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English adjective-forming suffixes
- Breton lemmas
- Breton suffixes
- Breton plural suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido lemmas
- Ido suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish suffix forms
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh literary terms