-ed

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ed"

English

Alternative forms

• -'d (chiefly poetry)
• -èd (chiefly poetry)

Pronunciation

• (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
  • (after a vowel or a voiced consonant other than a /d/) enPR: d, IPA^(key): /d/
  • (after a voiceless consonant other than a /t/) enPR: t, IPA^(key): /t/
  • (after a /d/ or /t/) same as below
• (other denominal adjectives):
  • (UK) enPR: ĭd, IPA^(key): /ɪd/
  • (US) enPR: ĭd, IPA^(key): /ɪd/ or enPR: əd, IPA^(key): /əd/
  • (Australia) enPR: əd, IPA^(key): /əd/

Etymology 1

From Old English -ode, -odon (“class 2 weak past”), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēd-.

Suffix

-ed

1. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.

   pointed (as in He pointed at the dog.)

Etymology 2

From Old English -od (“class 2 weak past participle”), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.

Suffix

-ed

1. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.

   pointed (as in He has pointed at the dog.)

Etymology 3

From Old English -od (“adjective suffix”), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Compare also Latin -ātus.

Suffix

-ed

1. Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.

   pointed (as in A needle has a pointed end. - the end of a needle has a point.)

2. As an extension of the above, when used along with an adjective preceding the noun, describes something that has an object of a particular quality.

   red-haired (having red hair)

   left-handed (having a left hand as more dexterous hand)

Antonyms

• -less

Translations

having an object

• Dutch: -ig (nl), also as a past participle: ge- (nl) + -d (nl)
• Finnish: -kas (fi)

• Malay: ber-

having an object of a particular quality

• Dutch: -ig (nl), also as a past participle: ge- (nl) + -d (nl)
• Finnish: -nen (fi)

• Malay: ber-
• Polish: -y (pl) m, -ny m

See also

• -t
• -ing

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Breton

Etymology

Cognate to Cornish -es.

Suffix

-ed

1. Suffix denoting plural of certain nouns

eg. kazhez (female cat) → kazhezed (female cats)

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛd/

Suffix

-ed

1. your (second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession)

   kert (“garden”) → a kerted (“your (singular, informal) garden”)

2. Added to an cardinal number to form a fraction.

   ezer (“thousand”) → ezred (“thousandth”)

3. Added to a stem to form a verb.

   téved (“to make a mistake”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -ad is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -od is added to some other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ed is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öd is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (number suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -d is added to words ending in a vowel

  -ad is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -od is added to some other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ed is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öd is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (verbal suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster:

  -ad is added to back vowel words

  -ed is added to front vowel words

See also

► Hungarian words suffixed with -ed

• Category:Hungarian noun forms - possessive
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Ido

Suffix

-ed

1. quantity

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Old English

Suffix

-ed

1. formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of

   æppled "apple-shaped"

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛd]

Suffix

-ed

1. Forms an equative of an adjective of one or two syllables.

Usage notes

Causes final b, d and g to become p, t and c, respectively. For instance, teg becomes teced.