-kas
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kas"
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.
Suffix
[edit]-kas (genitive -ka, partitive -kat)
- Derives adjectives from some nouns
- Derives nouns, often colloquial.
Derived terms
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Equivalent to -kka + -as.
Suffix
[edit]-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs, linguistic notation -kAs)
- -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.
- kukka (“flower”) + -kas → kukikas (“flower-patterned”)
- raha (“money”) + -kas → rahakas (“lucrative”)
- taito (“skill”) + -kas → taidokas (“skilful”)
- voima (“power”) + -kas → voimakas (“powerful”)
- ääni (“noise”) + -kas → äänekäs (“noisy”)
- harteet (“shoulders”) + -kas → harteikas (“broad-shouldered”)
- nenä (“nose”) + -kas → nenäkäs (“saucy”)
- Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.
- -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.
- Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.
Usage notes
[edit]When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of -kas (Kotus type 41*A/vieras, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten | |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
| illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
| accusative | nom. | -kas | -kkaat |
| gen. | -kkaan | ||
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten -kasten rare | |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
| inessive | -kkaassa | -kkaissa | |
| elative | -kkaasta | -kkaista | |
| illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin -kkaihin rare | |
| adessive | -kkaalla | -kkailla | |
| ablative | -kkaalta | -kkailta | |
| allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille | |
| essive | -kkaana | -kkaina | |
| translative | -kkaaksi | -kkaiksi | |
| abessive | -kkaatta | -kkaitta | |
| instructive | — | -kkain | |
| comitative | — | -kkaine | |
| Possessive forms of -kas (Kotus type 41*A/vieras, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognates include Finnish -kas and Estonian -kas.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kas (front vowel variant -käs)
- Forms adjectives describing an abundancy of a noun; -ful
Usage notes
[edit]- In its polysyllabic oblique forms, -kas gets the secondary stress in words with polysyllabic stems.
Declension
[edit]| Declension of -kas (type 2/patsas, kk-k gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat |
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkain |
| partitive | -kasta, -kast | -kkaita, -kkaja |
| illative | -kkaasse | -kkaisse |
| inessive | -kkaas | -kkais |
| elative | -kkaast | -kkaist |
| allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille |
| adessive | -kkaal | -kkail |
| ablative | -kkaalt | -kkailt |
| translative | -kkaaks | -kkaiks |
| essive | -kkaanna, -kkaan | -kkainna, -kkain |
| exessive1) | -kkaant | -kkaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of -kas (type 2/kalakas, kk-k gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -kas | -kkahat -kkaat |
| genitive | -kkahan | -kkahhiin |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkahhia |
| illative | -kkahasse | -kkahisse |
| inessive | -kkahas | -kkahis |
| elative | -kkahast | -kkahist |
| allative | -kkahalle | -kkahille |
| adessive | -kkahal | -kkahil |
| ablative | -kkahalt | -kkahilt |
| translative | -kkahaks | -kkahiks |
| essive | -kkahhaan | -kkahhiin |
| exessive1) | -kkahhant | -kkahhint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 54
Categories:
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms suffixed with -as
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish vieras-type nominals
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes