Nominals ending with -e; inverted consonant gradation possible.
This is the most common form of -e declension, but see nalle for personal names. The inflectional stem is formed by adding an e and strengthening the final consonant.
Partitive ending -(t)ta/-(t)tä and genitive plural ending -den/-tten.
Basic declension without consonant gradation[edit]
back vowels
(contains a, o or u)
front vowels
(no a, o or u)
Inflection of Finnish nominal inflection/hame (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
Unusually, for gradation purposes nominals of this type act as if there was a consonant after the final -e of the nominative singular, as in vieras; thus the base form is weak. Historically, the stem ended in *-ek or *-eh, but the consonant was regularly lost word-finally. The inflectional stem added a linking -e- to the base form, leaving the root in its strong form, and gradated between -eke- (strong, as in essive *-ekenA) and -ee- (weak, as in most other cases). The inflectional stem was eventually levelled in favour of the weak form -ee-, resulting in all cases other than the nominative and partitive singular having an inflectional stem consisting the strong form of the root + -ee-. For details, see reconstructed Proto-Finnic *-ek.