are

See also: Are, ARE, aré, arè, arë, aṛé, āre, ārē, åre, -are, -aré, and Åre

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English aren, from Old English earun, earon (“are”), reinforced by Old Norse plural forms in er- (displacing alternative Old English sind and bēoþ), from Proto-Germanic *arun (“(they) are”), from Proto-Germanic *esi/*izi (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”). Cognate with Old Norse eru (“(they) are”) (> Icelandic eru (“(they) are”), Swedish äro (“(they) are”), Danish er (“(they) are”)), Old English eart (“(thou) art”). More at art.

Alternative forms

• ar (obsolete)

Pronunciation

Stressed

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
• (General American) enPR: ar, IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɐː(ɹ)/
• (Northern England, Wales) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /aː(ɹ)/
• (Ireland) IPA^(key): /aɹ/, /äːɹ/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
• (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our") IPA^(key): /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
• Homophones: argh, r

Unstressed

• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ə(ɹ)/
• (General American) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɚ/
• Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ə(ɹ)

Verb

are

1. second-person singular simple present of be

   Mary, where are you going?

2. first-person plural simple present of be

   We are not coming.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎^[2]:

     Here we are!

     Audio (US)

     (file)

3. second-person plural simple present of be

   Mary and John, are you listening?

4. third-person plural simple present of be

   They are here somewhere.

5. (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

Usage notes

• The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare, however it results as the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

Synonyms

• (second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

Translations

second-person singular (informal) simple present indicative form of be

• Bulgarian: си (bg) (si)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 是 (zh) (shì) (not used with adjectives)

• Czech: jsi (cs), jste (cs) (formal)
• Danish: er (da)
• Dutch: bent (nl), zijt (nl)
• Faroese: ert
• Finnish: olet (fi)
• French: es (fr), êtes (fr) (formal)
• Galician: es (gl)
• German: bist (de), sind (de) (formal, singular or plural)
• Hungarian: vagy (hu), van (hu)

• Japanese: です (ja) (desu) (polite), だ (ja) (da) (plain), である (ja) (de aru) (formal)
• Latin: es (la)
• Lithuanian: esi (lt)
• Macedonian: си (si)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: er (no)

• Polish: jesteś (pl), jest (pl) (formal, with Pan, Pani)
• Portuguese: estás (pt) (with tu), está (pt) (with você), és (pt) (with tu), é (pt) (with você)
• Romanian: ești (ro)
• Russian: есть (ru) (jestʹ) (seldom used), еси́ (ru) (jesí) (archaic)
• Slovak: si (sk), ste (sk)
• Spanish: eres (es), estás (es)
• Swedish: är (sv)
• Vietnamese: là (vi)

second-person plural simple present indicative form of be

• Bulgarian: сте (bg) (ste)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 是 (zh) (shì) (not used with adjectives)

• Czech: jste (cs)
• Danish: er (da)
• Dutch: zijn (nl)
• Faroese: eru
• Finnish: olette (fi)
• French: êtes (fr)
• German: seid (de), sind (de) (formal, singular or plural)
• Hungarian: vagytok (hu), vannak (hu)
• Japanese: です (ja) (desu) (polite), だ (ja) (da) (plain), である (ja) (de aru) (formal)
• Korean: 이다 (ko) (ida)

• Latin: estis (la)
• Lithuanian: esate (lt)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: er (no)

• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: есте (este), еста (esta) (dual)

• Polish: jesteście (pl), są (pl) (formal with Państwo, Panowie, etc.)
• Portuguese: estais (pt) (with vós), estão (pt) (with vocês), sois (pt) (with vós), são (pt) (with vocês)
• Romanian: sunteți (ro)
• Russian: есть (ru) (jestʹ) (seldom used), е́сте (ru) (jéste) (archaic)
• Slovak: ste (sk)
• Spanish: sois (es), son (es), estáis (es), están (es)
• Swedish: är (sv)
• Vietnamese: là (vi)

first-person plural simple present indicative form of be

• Bulgarian: сме (bg) (sme)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 是 (zh) (shì) (not used with adjectives)

• Czech: jsme (cs)
• Danish: er (da)
• Dutch: zijn (nl)
• Faroese: eru
• Finnish: olemme (fi)
• French: sommes (fr)
• German: sind (de)
• Hungarian: vagyunk (hu)
• Japanese: です (ja) (desu) (polite), だ (ja) (da) (plain), である (ja) (de aru) (formal)
• Korean: 이다 (ko) (ida)

• Latin: sumus (la)
• Lithuanian: esame (lt)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: er (no)

• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: есмъ (esmŭ), есвѣ (esvě) (dual)

• Polish: jesteśmy (pl)
• Portuguese: estamos (pt), somos (pt)
• Romanian: suntem (ro)
• Russian: есть (ru) (jestʹ) (seldom used), есмы́ (ru) (jesmý) (archaic)
• Slovak: sme (sk)
• Spanish: somos (es), estamos (es)
• Swedish: är (sv)
• Vietnamese: là (vi)

third-person plural simple present indicative form of be

• Bulgarian: са (bg) (sa)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 是 (zh) (shì) (not used with adjectives)

• Czech: jsou (cs)
• Danish: er (da)
• Faroese: eru
• Finnish: ovat (fi)
• French: sont (fr)
• German: sind (de)
• Hungarian: vannak (hu)
• Japanese: です (ja) (desu) (polite), だ (ja) (da) (plain), である (ja) (de aru) (formal)
• Korean: 이다 (ko) (ida)
• Latin: sunt (la)

• Lithuanian: yra (lt)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: er (no)

• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: сѫтъ (sǫtŭ), есте (este) (dual)

• Old English: sind
• Polish: są (pl)
• Portuguese: estão (pt), são (pt)
• Romanian: sunt (ro)
• Russian: есть (ru) (jestʹ) (seldom used), суть (ru) (sutʹ) (dated)
• Slovak: sú (sk)
• Spanish: son (es), están (es)
• Swedish: är (sv)
• Vietnamese: là (vi)

be — see be

See also

other forms of verb be

• am
• art
• be
• been
• beest
• being
• is
• was
• wast
• were
• wert

 

Etymology 2

From French are.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɛə/, /ɛː/
• (General American) enPR: âr, IPA^(key): /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
• Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er (US)

Noun

are (plural ares)

1. (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

Usage notes

• Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

Synonyms

• (SI unit): (rare) square decametre

Derived terms

• centiare
• decare
• hectare

 

Translations

unit of area

• Armenian: ար (hy) (ar)
• Bashkir: ар (ar); land area сутый (sutıy)
• Catalan: àrea (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公畝 (zh), 公亩 (zh) (gōngmǔ)

• Czech: ar (cs) m
• Danish: ar (da)
• Dutch: are (nl) m
• Estonian: aar (et)
• Finnish: aari (fi)
• French: are (fr) m
• Galician: área (gl) f
• German: Ar (de) n
• Greek: άρια (el) n (ária)
• Hungarian: ár (hu)
• Irish: ár m
• Italian: ara (it) f

• Japanese: アール (ja) (āru)
• Latvian: ārs m
• Macedonian: ар m (ar)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ar (no) n

  Nynorsk: ar n

• Occitan: ara (oc) f
• Polish: ar (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: are (pt) m
• Romanian: ar (ro) n
• Russian: ар (ru) m (ar)
• Slovak: ár m
• Spanish: área (es) f
• Swedish: ar (sv) c
• Tagalog: arya
• Turkish: ar (tr)

Further reading

Are on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Determiner

are

1. (UK, US) Misspelling of our.
2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (UK, US, humorous, derogatory) Deliberate misspelling of our.
   • 2014, Craig Rozniecki, LOL at the GOP - Volume 4: Guns, Jesus, Corporations, and Fetuses, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 31:

     Yes, it's time to take back "are" country and finally expand and improve our education system.

   • 2022 June 14, Barry “Tomato” Rutherford (@brexitnutterbaz), Twitter‎^[3], archived from the original on 2022-06-14:

     New posters at border control bring a tear ta my eye. WE GOT ARE COUNTRY BACK

     The accompanying image is doctored to show three fake posters, each of a single word, reading "SEND UM BACK".

Usage notes

Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education and bigoted, right-wing views.

Anagrams

• 'ear, Aer, EAR, ERA, REA, Rae, Rea, aer-, aër-, ear, era, rea

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Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *arhe.

Noun

are inan

1. rake

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.rə/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: are
• Rhymes: -aːrə

Noun

are f (plural aren or ares)

1. are, a unit of surface area

Derived terms

• hectare

Descendants

• → Indonesian: are
• → Papiamentu: are

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French

Etymology

Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.

Pronunciation

• Homophone: art

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. an are

Related terms

• aire
• aréage

 

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: ar

Further reading

• “are”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈarə]
• Hyphenation: arê

Noun

arê (first-person possessive areku, second-person possessive aremu, third-person possessive arenya)

1. are: an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent.

Related terms

• area
• areal
• hektare

 

Further reading

• “are” in Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language [Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring], Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.re/
• Homophone: -are (infinitive verb suffix)
• Rhymes: -are
• Hyphenation: à‧re

Etymology 1

Variant of aere.

Noun

are m (plural ari)

1. Archaic form of aere.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

are f pl

1. plural of ara

Anagrams

• -erà, Era, Rea, era, rea

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Japanese

Romanization

are

1. Rōmaji transcription of あれ

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Latin

Verb

ārē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of āreō

References

• “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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Lindu

Noun

are

1. long, large sickle

---

Mapudungun

Noun

are (Raguileo spelling)

1. warmth, heat

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

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Middle English

Etymology 1

Article

are

1. genitive/dative feminine of an

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 3

Noun

are

1. Alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Etymology 4

Noun

are

1. (Northern or Early Middle English) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Etymology 5

Noun

are

1. (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“oar”)

Etymology 6

Verb

are

1. Alternative form of aren

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative are/ar)

1. (reflexive) to suit, fit

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Adjective

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

are

1. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) white-tailed eagle

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Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːre/

Noun

āre

1. honor, glory, grace

Declension

Declension of are (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	āre	āran
accusative	āran	āran
genitive	āran	ārena
dative	āran	ārum

Noun

āre

1. dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

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Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.

Noun

are n

1. ear

Inflection

Declension of āre (neuter n-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	āre	āra, ārene, ārne
accusative	āre	āra, ārene, ārne
genitive	āra	ārena
dative	āra	ārum, ārem, ārnum, ārnem

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr: uar

  Hallig, Mooring: uur

  Helgoland: Uaar

• Saterland Frisian: Oor
• West Frisian: ear

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Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• 𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• अरे (Devanagari script)
• অরে (Bengali script)
• අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
• အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
• อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
• ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
• ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
• អរេ (Khmer script)

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

are

1. wow, woah
2. yay

Derived terms

• re

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾe/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾ(ɨ)/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -aɾi, (Portugal) -aɾɨ
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Etymology 1

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. (historical) are (unit of area)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Romanian

Etymology

Cf. Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also Romanian ar, used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈare/
• Rhymes: -are

Verb

are

1. third-person singular present indicative of avea

See also

• a

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Scots

Etymology

From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity, glory, respect, reverence, grace, favor, prosperity, benefit, help, mercy, pity, privilege”), from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”). Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).

Noun

are (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) grace; mercy

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾe/, [ˈa.ɾe]

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Tagalog

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧re
• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈɾe/, [ʔɐˈɾe]

Pronoun

aré

1. (chiefly Batangas) Alternative form of ari: this one; this

   Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere

   Ano ga are? ― What is this?

See also

Tagalog demonstrative pronouns

	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)	Locative (nasa)	Existential	Manner (gaya ng)
Near speaker*	ari/are, iri/ire, yari**	nire/niri, niyari**	dine/dini	nandine	ere/eri, here/heri, ayri	ganire/ganiri, gayari
Near speaker and listener	ito	nito	dito, rito	nandito, narito	heto, eto, ayto**	ganito
Near listener	iyan	niyan	diyan, riyan	nandiyan, nariyan	hayan, ayan	ganiyan/ganyan
Remote	iyon, yaon**	niyon, noon, niyaon**	doon, roon	nandoon, naroon	hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun	ganoon, garoon, gayon**
*This series, for the most part, is not used anymore by most Tagalog speakers. Instead, the pronoun in the second row are used. **These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature.

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Tangam

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.

Noun

are

1. (anatomy) foot, leg

References

• Mark W. Post (2017) The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

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Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ɾe]

Verb

are

1. (transitive) to scratch

Conjugation

Conjugation of are
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toare	foare	miare
2nd	noare	niare
3rd	Masculine	oare	iare, yoare†
Feminine	moare
Neuter	iare
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

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Toraja-Sa'dan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

Noun

are

1. ant

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Venetian

Noun

are

1. plural of ara

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Wolof

Noun

are (definite form are bi)

1. stop, especially a bus stop