aren

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aren"

English

Alternative forms

• arn

Etymology

From Middle English aren, from Old English earon, earun, present plural indicative of Old English bēon (“to be”). Equivalent to are +‎ -en. More at are.

Verb

aren

1. (obsolete or dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
2. (obsolete or dialectal) second-person plural simple present of be
   • 2007, Theresa Kishkan, Phantom Limb, page 154:

     “Ye're not Irish, aren ye?” “No, we're from Canada.”

3. (obsolete or dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be

Ao

Verb

aren

1. (Chungli) to increase in number

Inflection

Inflection of aren (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	aren	maren
	Perfect	renogo	merenogo
Present	Simple	arener	marener
	Progressive	rendar rendagi	merendar merendagi
Future/infinitive		arentsü	marentsü
Imperative		renang	taren
Present participle		rena	mereni
Conditional		renra renrabang	merenra merenrabang

Derived terms

• renlok

Further reading

• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 131

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈarɛn]
• IPA^(key): [ˈarɛːn]

Noun

aren m inan

1. (organic chemistry) arene

Declension

Declension of aren (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	aren	areny
genitive	arenu	arenů
dative	arenu	arenům
accusative	aren	areny
vocative	arene	areny
locative	arenu	arenech
instrumental	arenem	areny

Danish

Noun

aren c

1. definite singular of ar

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

aren

1. plural of aar
2. plural of are

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦫꦺꦤ꧀ (arèn), from Old Javanese haryan, aryan (“areca palm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.rɛn/
• Rhymes: -ren, -en

Noun

aren (Jawi spelling ارين, plural aren-aren or aren²)

1. sugar palm (Arenga pinnata)

   Synonyms: enau, kabung

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• gula aren

Further reading

• "aren" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Middle English

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti

Proto-Germanic *izi

Proto-Germanic *arun

Proto-West Germanic *wāʀun

Old English earon

Middle English aren

From Old English earon, earun, aron, alternative present plural of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *arun, an innovated third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).

Alternative forms

• are, ere, eren

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːrən/, /ˈarən/

Verb

aren

1. plural present indicative of been

Usage notes

The usual plural form of been is aren in the North, been in the Midlands, and beth in the South; sind also existed, especially early on, but was not the predominant form in any area.

Descendants

• English: are
• Scots: are

Etymology 2

Verb

aren

1. (Ormulum) alternative form of oren

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃ln.

Noun

aren f

1. (anatomy) elbow

Synonyms

• enîşk

Spanish

Verb

aren

1. inflection of arar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Noun

aren

1. definite plural of ar

Anagrams

• -erna, Arne, Enar, Erna, enar, eran, rean, rena

Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Welsh arenn, from Proto-Celtic *ārū. Cognate with Old Irish áru and perhaps more distantly with Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ḫaḫri-⁠/), Latin rēn, and Tocharian A āriñc (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈarɛn/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈaːrɛn/, /ˈarɛn/
• Rhymes: -arɛn

Noun

aren f (plural arennau)

1. kidney

   Synonym: (North Wales, of an animal or as food) elwlen

Derived terms

• uwcharennol (“suprarenal, adrenal”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of aren

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
aren	unchanged	unchanged	haren

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995), “kidney”, in Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “aren”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “aren”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies