r

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See also: R, г, and Appendix:Variations of "r"
Letter r.svg
r U+0072, r
LATIN SMALL LETTER R
← q
[U+0071] 		Basic Latin s →
[U+0073]
ｒ U+FF52, ｒ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER R
← ｑ
[U+FF51] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｓ →
[U+FF53]

Contents

Translingual[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1[edit]

Upper case R, the source for lower case r Modification of capital letter R by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA
    		(file)

Symbol[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

r

  1. (engineering, geometry) radius
  2. (IPA) alveolar trill
  3. (phonetics) used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent an various other rhotic sounds (/r/).
    1. Romanization of the Hebrew ר‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
    2. Romanization of the Hebrew רּ‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme

Synonyms[edit]

  • (Romanization of רּ, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”): rr (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

Gallery[edit]

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

See also[edit]

Other representations of R:

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ, the Old English letter replaced by Latin r

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R, plural r's)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]

Number[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2[edit]

From are, pronounced like the name of the letter r

Verb[edit]

r

  1. (abbreviation, slang, text messaging, Internet) are (in text messaging and internet conversations)
    How r u — “How are you?”
Translations[edit]
text messaging: are

Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r lower case (upper case R)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

  • Previous letter: q
  • Next letter: s

See also[edit]

Egyptian[edit]

FWOTD – 19 July 2016

Etymology 1[edit]

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Noun[edit]

r
Z1

 m

  1. division, opening
  2. mouth
    • Stela of Hekaib, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78:
      nw
      k      		 n&D sA1iq
      r      		 D&d mr
      Z1      		 f
      jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f
      I was an excellent individual; one who spoke with his own mouth.
  3. entrance
  4. utterance, statement
  5. part, piece
  6. used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
    • 12th Dynasty, Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:
      r
      V1 V1 V1      		 V20 V20 V20
      V20 V20 V20
      r(ꜣ) ḫmtw-št sjsjw
      1⁄360
Inflection[edit]
Declension of r (masculine consonant-stem)
singular r
dual rwj
plural rw
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from r
Descendants[edit]
  • Demotic: rꜣ
    • Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic), ⲗⲁ (la) (Fayyumic)

Etymology 2[edit]

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל‎ (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى‎ (ʾilā, “to, until, near”).[2]

Preposition[edit]

r
  1. regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
  2. in order to, for (the purpose of)
  3. (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
  4. against
  5. from, apart from (ablative)
  6. (with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
  7. (in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
  8. (of time) at, in, on
  9. (after an adjective, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
  10. (generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
  11. (with a verb in the terminative as object) until
Inflection[edit]
Adverbial forms of r  
 
ir
Z4
  		 
ir
 
jrj jr
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of r  
 
ir
 
jr
at the beginning of a sentence,
and occasionally before pronouns
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from r

Particle[edit]

r

 enclitic

  1. (with attached suffix pronoun) so, regarding (that, you, me, etc.), as for (that, you, me, etc.)
Usage notes[edit]

This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of r  
 
ir
 
jr

References[edit]

  • Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
  • Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, revised 3rd edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 429
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42
  1. ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 58
  2. ^ Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 15

Esperanto[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Fula[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

r

  1. Romanization of 𐍂

Ido[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɾ/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ɾe/

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Italian[edit]

Noun[edit]

r m, f (invariable)

  1. See under R

Latvian[edit]

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology[edit]

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation[edit]

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Letter[edit]

R

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Livonian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]


Malay[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

r (Zhuyin ˙ㄖ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 兒, 儿

References[edit]

Norwegian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ærː/, /æɾː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/

Letter[edit]

r

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

  • /ʁ/ is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
  • Dialects with /ʁ/ do not have retroflex consonants.

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lowercase, capital R)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script. Representing the phoneme /r/. Preceded by p and followed by s.

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (uppercase) R

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (Cyrillic spelling р)

  1. The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by p and followed by s.

Skolt Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]


Turkish[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Turkmen[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (upper case R)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Zulu[edit]

Letter[edit]

r (lower case, upper case R)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

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