ch
Translingual[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (mixed case Ch, upper case CH)
Symbol[edit]
ch
- Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ch
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Japanese チャンネル (channeru), from English channel.
Noun[edit]
ch
Etymology 3[edit]
Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ch
Anagrams[edit]
Czech[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- A digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i.
Usage notes[edit]
In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).
Esperanto[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch
See also[edit]
French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).
Adjective[edit]
ch (invariable)
Etymology 2[edit]
Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).
Noun[edit]
ch m (plural ch)
- hp (horsepower)
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
- (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)
Letter[edit]
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.
Usage notes[edit]
It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/anarchikus/anarchista/anarchizmus, archaikus/archaizál/archaizmus, archeológia/archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/archivális/archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/hierarchikus, hipochonder/hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, [ krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/mazochizmus, mechanika/mechanikus/mechanisztikus/mechanizál/mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/monarchikus/monarchista, oligarcha/oligarchia/oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/patriarchális/patriarchátus, pech/peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/pszichiáter/pszichiátria/pszichikai/pszichikum/pszicho-/pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/technikum/technikus/technokrácia/technokrata/technológia/technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.
Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]
Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.
Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).
Declension[edit]
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ch | ch-k |
| accusative | ch-t | ch-kat |
| dative | ch-nak | ch-knak |
| instrumental | ch-val | ch-kkal |
| causal-final | ch-ért | ch-kért |
| translative | ch-vá | ch-kká |
| terminative | ch-ig | ch-kig |
| essive-formal | ch-ként | ch-kként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | ch-ban | ch-kban |
| superessive | ch-n | ch-kon |
| adessive | ch-nál | ch-knál |
| illative | ch-ba | ch-kba |
| sublative | ch-ra | ch-kra |
| allative | ch-hoz | ch-khoz |
| elative | ch-ból | ch-kból |
| delative | ch-ról | ch-król |
| ablative | ch-tól | ch-któl |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
ch-é | ch-ké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
ch-éi | ch-kéi |
| Possessive forms of ch | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ch-m | ch-im |
| 2nd person sing. | ch-d | ch-id |
| 3rd person sing. | ch-ja | ch-i |
| 1st person plural | ch-nk | ch-ink |
| 2nd person plural | ch-tok | ch-itok |
| 3rd person plural | ch-juk | ch-ik |
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
References[edit]
- ^ A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
- ^ Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros
Latvian[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)
Usage notes[edit]
This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.
Slovak[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (upper case Ch)
- The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž
Further reading[edit]
- ch in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
Spanish[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
Usage notes[edit]
Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.
Uzbek[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (upper case Ch)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Oʻ oʻ, Gʻ gʻ, Sh sh, Ch ch
Welsh[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.
Usage notes[edit]
Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.
Mutation[edit]
- ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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