ë

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ë U+00EB, ë
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
Composition:e [U+0065] + ◌̈ [U+0308]
ê
[U+00EA]
Latin-1 Supplement ì
[U+00EC]

Albanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case Ë)

  1. The eighth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case Ë)

  1. the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced /ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce /ɡy/ (like in aiguë, ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced /o.ɛ/ (like in troëne, Noël)

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

  1. The close-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects;[1] more closed than the sound of e and shorter than that of é; used instead of e in certain, lexically determined places.
    Synonym: (literally: “closed e”) zárt e
  2. The symbol to indicate this sound.

Usage notes[edit]

It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like a phoneme), e.g. nem: nem (gender, genus) and nëm (not);[2] mentek: mentëk (I save), mentek (exempt [plural]), mëntëk (you go [plural]), and mëntek (they went).[3]

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ë ë-k
accusative ë-t ë-ket
dative ë-nek ë-knek
instrumental ë-vel ë-kkel
causal-final ë-ért ë-kért
translative ë-vé ë-kké
terminative ë-ig ë-kig
essive-formal ë-ként ë-kként
essive-modal
inessive ë-ben ë-kben
superessive ë-n ë-ken
adessive ë-nél ë-knél
illative ë-be ë-kbe
sublative ë-re ë-kre
allative ë-hez ë-khez
elative ë-ből ë-kből
delative ë-ről ë-kről
ablative ë-től ë-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
ë-é ë-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
ë-éi ë-kéi
Possessive forms of ë
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ë-m ë-im
2nd person sing. ë-d ë-id
3rd person sing. ë-je ë-i
1st person plural ë-nk ë-ink
2nd person plural ë-tek ë-itek
3rd person plural ë-jük ë-ik

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ …a zárt ë-t azonban lakosságunknak körülbelül 60%-a megkülönbözteti a nyílt e-től, tehát sokak számára természetes. Nem csupán nyelvjárási jelenség tehát, bár a nagyvárosi beszédből valóban hiányzik. (“…however, closed ë is distinguished from open e by approximately 60% of our population, so it is natural for many. Therefore, it is not only a dialectal phenomenon, although it is indeed missing from urban speech.”) In: Zimányi, Árpád. Nyelvhelyesség (’Standard Usage’). Eger: EKF Líceum Kiadó, 2005. A hatodik kiadás digitális változata (’Digital version of the sixth edition’), page 18.
  2. ^ Ëe-ző szótár. Alapszókincs (Kiejtes.hu)
  3. ^ Buvári Márta: Az „ë-zés” köznyelvisége (Kiejtes.hu)

Further reading[edit]

Kashubian[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (upper case Ë)

  1. The ninth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called szwa and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ë

  1. and

Ladin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (upper case Ë)

  1. The open-mid central unrounded vowel as used in the Gherdëina variant of Ladin.

See also[edit]

Middle High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

In words spelled with this letter, the ë comes from Proto-Germanic *e (as in ëȥzen) or *i (as in lëben)

Letter[edit]

ë

  1. a letter of the normalised Middle High German spelling

Romani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

  1. (International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.

Usage notes[edit]

Although it is pronounced the same as ä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation of e[1].

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “ë”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 16

Further reading[edit]

  • Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
  • Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM[1], accessed October 2, 2021

Slovene[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (sound): IPA(key): /joː/
  • (sound, educated): IPA(key): /jɔ/

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

  1. (linguistics) Letter used for transcription of Russian Ё / ё.

Etymology 2[edit]

Letter E with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Resian, phoneme): IPA(key): /ə/

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

  1. The ninth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Toporišič, Jože (2001), “Slovaropisna pravila”, in Slovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, →ISBN, page 178
  • Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (in it, sl-rozaj), Padua: CLEUP

Tagalog[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: ë
  • IPA(key): /ə/, [ə]
  • Rhymes:

Letter[edit]

ë (lower case, upper case Ë, Baybayin spelling )

  1. the letter e with a diaeresis representing a schwa

Usage notes[edit]

  • In Tagalog and its standardized form Filipino, ë is used to represent the schwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instance Maranao (Mëranaw), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Ibaloi. Before introduction of this letter, the schwa was ambiguously represented by a or e.
  • Writing the diaeresis is recommended but not required as long as the reader is aware that the unaccented form is supposed to sound like a schwa (/ə/).

See also[edit]