ë
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Albanian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case Ë)
- The eighth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case Ë)
- the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced /ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce /ɡy/ (like in aiguë, ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced /o.ɛ/ (like in troëne, Noël)
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case, upper case Ë)
- The close-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects;[1] more closed than the sound of e and shorter than that of é; used instead of e in certain, lexically determined places.
- The symbol to indicate this sound.
Usage notes[edit]
It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like a phoneme), e.g. nem: nem (“gender, genus”) and nëm (“not”);[2] mentek: mentëk (“I save”), mentek (“exempt [plural]”), mëntëk (“you go [plural]”), and mëntek (“they went”).[3]
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ë | ë-k |
accusative | ë-t | ë-ket |
dative | ë-nek | ë-knek |
instrumental | ë-vel | ë-kkel |
causal-final | ë-ért | ë-kért |
translative | ë-vé | ë-kké |
terminative | ë-ig | ë-kig |
essive-formal | ë-ként | ë-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ë-ben | ë-kben |
superessive | ë-n | ë-ken |
adessive | ë-nél | ë-knél |
illative | ë-be | ë-kbe |
sublative | ë-re | ë-kre |
allative | ë-hez | ë-khez |
elative | ë-ből | ë-kből |
delative | ë-ről | ë-kről |
ablative | ë-től | ë-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ë-é | ë-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ë-éi | ë-kéi |
Possessive forms of ë | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ë-m | ë-im |
2nd person sing. | ë-d | ë-id |
3rd person sing. | ë-je | ë-i |
1st person plural | ë-nk | ë-ink |
2nd person plural | ë-tek | ë-itek |
3rd person plural | ë-jük | ë-ik |
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
References[edit]
- ^ …a zárt ë-t azonban lakosságunknak körülbelül 60%-a megkülönbözteti a nyílt e-től, tehát sokak számára természetes. Nem csupán nyelvjárási jelenség tehát, bár a nagyvárosi beszédből valóban hiányzik. (“…however, closed ë is distinguished from open e by approximately 60% of our population, so it is natural for many. Therefore, it is not only a dialectal phenomenon, although it is indeed missing from urban speech.”) In: Zimányi, Árpád. Nyelvhelyesség (’Standard Usage’). Eger: EKF Líceum Kiadó, 2005. A hatodik kiadás digitális változata (’Digital version of the sixth edition’), page 18.
- ^ Ëe-ző szótár. Alapszókincs (Kiejtes.hu)
- ^ Buvári Márta: Az „ë-zés” köznyelvisége (Kiejtes.hu)
Further reading[edit]
- Mindent a zárt ë hangról by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
- Ilyen lënne az új helyësírás by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
- Fejes László tévedései pontokba szedve by András Mészáros (Kiejtes.hu)
- Section 89 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015. →ISBN
- ë in Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (’A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition. →ISBN (The online version is available with registration for one 2-hour free trial per month.)
- Mészáros, András. Igényës (ë-ző) kiejtési kisszótár : adalékok a 15 magánhangzós magyar köznyelvi kiejtés mércéjének kialakításához. “Pocket dictionary of a discerning (ë-) pronunciation: contributions to shaping everyday standard Hungarian with 15 vowels.” 2nd, rev. ed. Bicske: Gondos Bt., 1999. →ISBN
Kashubian[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (upper case Ë)
- The ninth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called szwa and written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż
Conjunction[edit]
ë
Ladin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (upper case Ë)
- The open-mid central unrounded vowel as used in the Gherdëina variant of Ladin.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) A a (À à, Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (Ë ë, É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ò ò, Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s (Ś ś), T t, U u (Ù ù, Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, Z z
Middle High German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
In words spelled with this letter, the ë comes from Proto-Germanic *e (as in ëȥzen) or *i (as in lëben)
Letter[edit]
ë
- a letter of the normalised Middle High German spelling
Romani[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case, upper case Ë)
- (International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.
Usage notes[edit]
Although it is pronounced the same as ä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation of e[1].
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
- “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM[1], accessed October 2, 2021
Slovene[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case, upper case Ë)
Etymology 2[edit]
Letter E with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case, upper case Ë)
- The ninth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Toporišič, Jože (2001), “Slovaropisna pravila”, in Slovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, →ISBN, page 178
- Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (in it, sl-rozaj), Padua: CLEUP
Tagalog[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ë (lower case, upper case Ë, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
Usage notes[edit]
- In Tagalog and its standardized form Filipino, ë is used to represent the schwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instance Maranao (Mëranaw), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Ibaloi. Before introduction of this letter, the schwa was ambiguously represented by a or e.
- Writing the diaeresis is recommended but not required as long as the reader is aware that the unaccented form is supposed to sound like a schwa (/ə/).
See also[edit]
- Character boxes with compositions
- Latin-1 Supplement block
- Latin script characters
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian letters
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French letters
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian letters
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian letters
- Kashubian conjunctions
- Ladin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin letters
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German letters
- Romani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romani lemmas
- Romani letters
- Romani International Standard spellings
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene letters
- Slovene terms spelled with ◌̈
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ə
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ə/1 syllable
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog letters
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms spelled with ◌̈