ë

See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"

ë U+00EB, ë LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Composition: e [U+0065] + ◌̈ [U+0308] ← ê [U+00EA] Latin-1 Supplement ì → [U+00EC]

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/ or silent.

Letter

ë (lower case Ë)

1. The eighth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/, /ɛ/

Letter

ë (lower case Ë)

1. the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced /ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce /ɡy/ (like in aiguë, ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced /o.ɛ/ (like in troëne, Noël)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The close-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects; more closed than the sound of e and shorter than that of é; used instead of e in certain, lexically determined places.

   Synonym: (literally: “closed e”) zárt e

2. The symbol to indicate this sound.

Usage notes

It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like a phoneme), e.g. nem: nem (“gender, genus”) and nëm (“not”); mentek: mentëk (“I save”), mentek (“exempt [plural]”), mëntëk (“you go [plural]”), and mëntek (“they went”).

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ë	ë-k
accusative	ë-t	ë-ket
dative	ë-nek	ë-knek
instrumental	ë-vel	ë-kkel
causal-final	ë-ért	ë-kért
translative	ë-vé	ë-kké
terminative	ë-ig	ë-kig
essive-formal	ë-ként	ë-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ë-ben	ë-kben
superessive	ë-n	ë-ken
adessive	ë-nél	ë-knél
illative	ë-be	ë-kbe
sublative	ë-re	ë-kre
allative	ë-hez	ë-khez
elative	ë-ből	ë-kből
delative	ë-ről	ë-kről
ablative	ë-től	ë-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	ë-é	ë-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	ë-éi	ë-kéi

Possessive forms of ë
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ë-m	ë-im
2nd person sing.	ë-d	ë-id
3rd person sing.	ë-je	ë-i
1st person plural	ë-nk	ë-ink
2nd person plural	ë-tek	ë-itek
3rd person plural	ë-jük	ë-ik

Derived terms

• ë-zik → ë-zés, ë-ző

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Further reading

• Mindent a zárt ë hangról by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Ilyen lënne az új helyësírás by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Fejes László tévedései pontokba szedve by András Mészáros (Kiejtes.hu)
• Section 89 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015. →ISBN
• ë in Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (’A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition. →ISBN (The online version is available with registration for one 2-hour free trial per month.)
• Mészáros, András. Igényës (ë-ző) kiejtési kisszótár : adalékok a 15 magánhangzós magyar köznyelvi kiejtés mércéjének kialakításához. “Pocket dictionary of a discerning (ë-) pronunciation: contributions to shaping everyday standard Hungarian with 15 vowels.” 2nd, rev. ed. Bicske: Gondos Bt., 1999. →ISBN

Kashubian

Letter

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called szwa and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Conjunction

ë

1. and

Ladin

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɜ/

Letter

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The open-mid central unrounded vowel as used in the Gherdëina variant of Ladin.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (À à, Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (Ë ë, É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ò ò, Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s (Ś ś), T t, U u (Ù ù, Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, Z z

Middle High German

Etymology

In words spelled with this letter, the ë comes from Proto-Germanic *e (as in ëȥzen) or *i (as in lëben)

Letter

ë

1. a letter of the normalised Middle High German spelling

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.

Usage notes

Although it is pronounced the same as ä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation of e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Further reading

• Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎^[1], accessed October 2, 2021

Slovene

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (sound): IPA^(key): /joː/
• (sound, educated): IPA^(key): /jɔ/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (linguistics) Letter used for transcription of Russian Ё / ё.

Etymology 2

Letter E with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.

Pronunciation

• (Resian, phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• e
• ē
• è
• é
• ȅ
• ȇ
• ê
• ḙ
• ẹ
• ə

References

• Toporišič, Jože (2001), “Slovaropisna pravila”, in Slovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, →ISBN, page 178
• Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (in it, sl-rozaj), Padua: CLEUP

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ë
• IPA^(key): /ə/, [ə]
• Rhymes: -ə

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the letter e with a diaeresis representing a schwa

Usage notes

• In Tagalog and its standardized form Filipino, ë is used to represent the schwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instance Maranao (Mëranaw), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Ibaloi. Before introduction of this letter, the schwa was ambiguously represented by a or e.
• Writing the diaeresis is recommended but not required as long as the reader is aware that the unaccented form is supposed to sound like a schwa (/ə/).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z