ç

See also: Appendix:Variations of "c"

ç U+00E7, ç LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA Composition: c [U+0063] + ◌̧ [U+0327] ← æ [U+00E6] Latin-1 Supplement è → [U+00E8]

Translingual

Etymology

Evolution of Visigothic ⟨ꝣ⟩ to modern ⟨ç⟩.

From ⟨ꝣ⟩, the Visigothic form of the letter z, which resembled a C with a subscript z.

Pronunciation

• (IPA symbol):

  (file)

Symbol

ç

1. (IPA) a voiceless palatal fricative.

   (superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩) [ç]-fricated release of a plosive, sometimes implying an affricate (e.g. ⟨cᶜ̧⟩ for [c͡ç]); [ç]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ç].

Usage notes

A superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩ needs to be composed with a cedilla diacritic: U+1D9C ⟨ᶜ⟩ + U+0327 ⟨◌̧⟩.

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

Letter

ç (uppercase Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /tʃe/

Letter

ç lower case (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Southern) /s̻e au̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ au̯.t͡s̺i]
• IPA^(key): (Northern) /s̻e hau̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ ɦau̯.t͡s̺i]

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The letter C with a cedilla, called ze hautsi.

Usage notes

• Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
• It is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of c.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˌse.tɾənˈka.də/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˌse.tɾenˈka.da/

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. c cedilla (the ce trencada, the letter c with a cedilla, used to represent /s/ before a, o or u; it is not considered a separate letter)

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lletra; A a, À à, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, É é, È è, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, Ï ï, J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, Ò ò, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

French

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cédille", the letter c with a cedilla

Usage notes

Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a ⟨c⟩ pronounced /s/ occurs before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (inflection) commencer (“to begin”, infinitive), commençons (“we begin”, first-person plural indicative present).

Juǀ'hoan

Letter

ç

1. (dated) the voiceless palatal click consonant, and the base of multigraphs for the other palatal clicks; now replaced with ⟨ǂ⟩.

Naro

Alternative forms

• tc

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ᵏǂ/)

Letter

ç (upper case Ç)

1. (dated) A letter of the Naro alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Portuguese

Etymology

C + Old Galician-Portuguese Ꝣ (“Visigothic z”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cedilha" (the letter c with a cedilla)

Usage notes

Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a <c> pronounced /s/ occurs before <a>, <o> or <u> (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (Inflection) merecer ("to deserve", infinitive), mereça (imperative). (Etymology) maça from Latin mattia, massa from Latin massa (both /ˈmasa/). Never occurs word-initially.

Rohingya

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɽ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɽiː/

Letter

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Rohingya alphabet, called çii and written in the Latin script.

See also

• 𐴍
• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p (Q q), R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (after n) /t͡s/, (after all other letters) /s/

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (International Standard) Used to represent -ça.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “-ç-”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 15

Spanish

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (obsolete) c with cedilla

Usage notes

• Now replaced by the letter z.

Turkish

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /t͡ʃeː/

Letter

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

Letter

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The third letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z