fricative

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s

Proto-Italic *frios

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin friō

Latin -ic-

▲

Latin -ō

Latin -icō

Latin fricō

Latin frictus

Latin fricātus

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.

Latin -īvus

New Latin fricatīvusbor.

English fricative

From New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate +‎ -ive.

Pronunciation

• enPR: frĭk'ətĭv
  • (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/

    • Audio (Southern England):

      (file)

  • (US, Canada, Australia) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/, [ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv]
• (South Asia) IPA^(key): /ˈfɾɪkətɪv/, /fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/

Noun

Examples (English)
/f/ in fine /s/ in sip

fricative (plural fricatives)

1. (phonetics) Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant.

   Synonym: (archaic) spirant

   Hypernym: obstruent

   Hyponyms: strident, sibilant

   Coordinate terms: approximant, lateral, nasal, trill, plosive

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:

     Watt listened for a time, for the voice was far from unmelodious. The fricatives in particular were pleasing.

Derived terms

• dental fricative
• groove fricative
• lateral fricative
• slit fricative

Translations

consonant

• Albanian: fërkimore f
• Arabic: اِحْتِكَاكِي m (iḥtikākī), رَخْو (raḵw), صَوْت اِحْتِكَاكِي (ṣawt iḥtikākī), صَوْت رَخْو (ṣawt raḵw)
• Armenian: շփական (hy) (špʻakan)
• Azerbaijani: sürtünən
• Catalan: fricatiu (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 擦音 (zh) (cāyīn)

• Czech: frikativa f
• Danish: hæmmelyd c, frikativ c
• Dutch: fricatief (nl) m, wrijfklank (nl) m
• Finnish: frikatiivi (fi), hankausäänne (fi)
• French: fricative (fr) f
• Georgian: სპირანტი (sṗiranṭi), ფრიკატივი (priḳaṭivi), ნაპრალოვანი (naṗralovani)
• German: Frikativ (de) m, Reibelaut (de) m
• Hungarian: réshang (hu), frikatíva (hu)
• Icelandic: önghljóð n
• Italian: fricativo (it) m
• Japanese: 摩擦音 (ja) (masatsuon)
• Korean: 마찰음(摩擦音) (ko) (machareum)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: шүргэх гийгүүлэгч (šürgex giigüülegč) (fricative consonant)

  Mongolian script: ᠱᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ
  ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (šürgükü geyigülügči)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: frikativ (no) m, spirant m

  Nynorsk: frikativ m, spirant m

• Polish: spółgłoska szczelinowa f
• Portuguese: fricativa (pt) f
• Russian: фрикати́вный (ru) m (frikatívnyj), щелево́й (ru) m (ščelevój)
• Scottish Gaelic: suathach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: фри̏катӣв m, стру̑јнӣк m, тјѐсначнӣк m (Ijekavian), тјѐсначнӣк m (Ekavian)

  Latin: frȉkatīv (sh) m, strȗjnīk (sh) m, tjèsnačnīk (sh) m (Ijekavian), tèsnačnīk m (Ekavian)

• Spanish: fricativa (es) f
• Swedish: frikativa (sv) c
• Welsh: ffrithiolyn m

Adjective

fricative (comparative more fricative, superlative most fricative)

1. (phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity.

Derived terms

• fricated
• fricatively
• fricativeness
• fricativisation, fricativization
• fricativise, fricativize
• nonfricative
• prefricative

Related terms

• friction

Translations

produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity

• Albanian: fërkimor (sq)
• Arabic: رَخْو (raḵw)
• Armenian: շփական (hy) (špʻakan)
• Catalan: fricatiu (ca)
• Danish: frikativ
• French: fricatif (fr)
• Georgian: ფრიკატიული (priḳaṭiuli), ნაპრალოვანი (naṗralovani)
• German: frikativ (de)
• Italian: fricativo (it)
• Polish: trący, szczelinowy (pl), frykatywny
• Portuguese: fricativo (pt)
• Russian: фрикати́вный (ru) (frikatívnyj), щелево́й (ru) (ščelevój)
• Scottish Gaelic: suathach
• Spanish: fricativo (es)
• Welsh: ffrithiol

See also

• affricate
• approximant
• lateral
• nasal
• plosive
• sibilant

Further reading

• Fricative on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fʁi.ka.tiv/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Substantive feminine of fricatif.

Noun

fricative f (plural fricatives)

1. (phonetics) fricative

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

fricative

1. feminine singular of fricatif

Further reading

• “fricative”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fri.kaˈti.ve/
• Rhymes: -ive
• Hyphenation: fri‧ca‧tì‧ve

Adjective

fricative

1. feminine plural of fricativo

Noun

fricative f pl

1. plural of fricativa

Anagrams

• vetrifica