e

See also: E, è, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Translingual

e U+0065, e LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← d [U+0064] Basic Latin f → [U+0066]

ｅ U+FF45, ｅ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← ｄ [U+FF44] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｆ → [U+FF46]

Etymology

Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek E (E, “Epsilon”).

Pronunciation

• IPA

  (file)

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter E):  Éé  Èè  Êê  Ḙḙ  Ěě  Ĕĕ  Ẽẽ  Ḛḛ  Ẻẻ  Ėė  Ëë  Ēē  Ȩȩ  Ęę  ᶒ  Ɇɇ  Ȅȅ  Ếế  Ềề  Ễễ  Ểể  Ḝḝ  Ḗḗ  Ḕḕ  Ȇȇ  Ẹẹ  Ệệ  ⱸ  ᴇ  Ｅｅ  Ææ  Ǽǽ  Ǣǣ  &  Œœ  ᵫ
• (select similar letters and symbols) ɘ ǝ Ə Ɛ Æ Œ
• (other scripts) ε (e, “epsilon”) е (je)
• See Appendix:Variations of "e"

Symbol

e

1. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459
2. (sciences) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.

   1.2566e-6 = 1.2566 × 10^-6

3. (IPA) close-mid front unrounded vowel
4. (algebra, group theory) identity element

   a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a

5. (physics) electron

Synonyms

• (electron): e⁻
• (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 

  Capital and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type

• 

  Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur

• 

  Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also

Other representations of E:

NATO phonetic: Echo Morse code: · Braille: ⠑ ASL Manual: E

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

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English

Etymology

From Middle English and Old English lower case letter e and split of æ, ea, eo, and œ, from five 7th century replacements of Anglo-Saxon Futhorcs by Latin letters:

• Old English lower case letter e, from replacement by Latin letter e of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛖ (e).
• Old English lower case letter æ from replacement by Latin ligature æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ).
• Old English lower case digraph ea, from replacement by Latin digraph ea of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛠ (ea).
• Old English lower case digraph eo from replacement by Latin digraph eo of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo).
• Old English lower case letter œ from replacement by Latin ligature œ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /iː/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ə/, /eɪ/
• In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E, plural e's)

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Number

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e (plural ees)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.
2. (mathematics) the base of the natural logarithm, 2.718281828459045…

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed

Translations

name of the letter E, e

• Arabic: إِي‎‎ m (ʾī), إِيه‎‎ m (ʾīh)
• Catalan: e (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)

• Esperanto: e (eo)
• Finnish: ee (fi)
• French: e (fr) m
• Galician: e (gl) m
• German: e (de) n
• Greek: ι (el) n (i)
• Hawaiian: ʻē
• Hindi: ई (hi) (ī)
• Ido: e (io)

• Irish: é, edad, eabhadh
• Japanese: イー (ī)
• Korean: 이 (ko) (i)
• Latin: ē (la)
• Malay: i (ms), i (ms)
• Marathi: ई (ī)
• Persian: ای‎‎ (fa) (i), ئی‎‎ (fa) (i)
• Portuguese: é (pt) m
• Russian: и (ru) n (i) (English), е (ru) n (je), э (ru) n (e)
• Spanish: e (es) f
• Thai: อี (th) (ii)
• Turkish: e (tr)
• Vietnamese: e (vi)

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Afar

Letter

e

1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

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Afrikaans

Noun

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

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Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Pronoun

e

1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)

   S'e di.

   I don't know (it).

Article

e

1. adjectival article for:
   1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
   2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
   3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

See also

forms of the adjectival articles

	masculine (gjinia mashkullore)			feminine (gjinia femërore)			plural (numri shumës)
	indefinite (trajta të pashquara)	definite (trajta të shquara)		indefinite (trajta të pashquara)	definite (trajta të shquara)		indefinite (trajta të pashquara)	definite (trajta të shquara)
nominative (emërore)	i	i		e	e		të	e
accusative (kallëzore)	të	e		të	e		të	e
genitive, dative and ablative (gjinore, dhanore dhe rrjedhore)	të	të		të	së		të	të
Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite. yjet e mëdhenj të largët — the large, distant stars Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

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Alemannic German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Article

e f

1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension

Declension of en
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative/accusative	en	e	es	-
dative	emene	enere	emene	-

• Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

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Angolar

Pronoun

e

1. he

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Aromanian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. but
3. or

Synonyms

• (and): shi

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Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e lower case (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

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Breton

Etymology 1

Pronoun

e

1. his

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition

e

1. in

Usage notes

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

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Catalan

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. The Latin letter E (lowercase e).

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Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī, yì (yi¹, yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
    • IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

Prefix

e

1. e- (electronic)

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Corsican

Article

e f pl

1. the

Related terms

• u, a, i, l'

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet.

See also

• Previous letter: d
• Next letter: f

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Emilian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

Noun

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

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Fala

Conjunction

e

1. Alternative form of i

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Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/, (also) /ø/, /œ/

Noun

e m (plural e)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Fula

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

Etymology 2

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. with

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

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Galician

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Hawaiian

Particle

e

1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition

e

1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

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Hungarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

e

1. (archaic) this (used as a pronoun, that is, instead of a noun phrase, with postpositions taking nouns with cases)
   • 1836, Vörösmarty Mihály, Szózat

     A nagy világon e kivűl (modern spelling: kívül)

     Nincsen számodra hely;

Determiner

e (demonstrative)

1. this

   E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor - Petőfi Sándor lived in this house.

Usage notes

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen - e helyen (at this place)

ebben a házban - e házban (in this house)

Synonyms

• eme
• ezen

Interjection

e

1. look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)

   E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? - Hey! Where is Joe?

   Itt van, e! - Here it is. (informal, not polite)

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: dzs
• Next letter: é
• -e (suffix)

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Iau

Noun

e

1. water

Further reading

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

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Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Conjunction

e

1. Apocopic form of ed

Related terms

• a (“to”)
• o (“or”)

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Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

From Portuguese e (“and”), from Old Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“over”).

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

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Interlingua

Alternative forms

• (rare) et

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Istriot

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:

     Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.

     Dear, with that little white and red face.

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/
• Rhymes: -e
• Stress: é
• Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Noun

e f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.; e

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin et.

Alternative forms

• (before a vowel) ed

Conjunction

e

1. and

See also

• ed

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Japanese

Romanization

e

1. Rōmaji transcription of え
2. Rōmaji transcription of エ
3. Rōmaji transcription of へ
4. Rōmaji transcription of ヘ

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Kosraean

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Noun

e

1. fire

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Latin

Etymology 1

Letter

e

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eː/

Noun

ē (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter E.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• e in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

Abbreviated from ēx.

Preposition

ē (short form of ex)

2. out of, from
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6

     ..et ignis semina convolvunt e nubibus.

     ..and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

Derived terms

• e pluribus unum

Related terms

• e-
• ex

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Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

(file)

• IPA^(key): [æ]

(file)

Letter

E

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, Ā ā, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, Ģ ģ, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, Ķ ķ, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Noun

e m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

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Ligurian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction

e

1. and

Ligurian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	o	i
feminine	a	e

Etymology 2

Article

e f pl (singular a)

1. the

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Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

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Lule Sami

Verb

e

1. third-person plural present of ij

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Malay

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Mandarin

Romanization

e (Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

1. Pinyin transcription of 呃

e

1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
4. Nonstandard spelling of è.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Middle English

Noun

e

1. Alternative form of æ

Pronoun

e

1. Alternative form of I

References

• “ich (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 May 2018.

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. Alternative form of he

References

• “he, pron. (3)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.

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Navajo

Letter

e

1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:

   e = /ɛ˨/

   ę = /ɛ̃˨/

   é = /ɛ˥/

   ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/

   ee = /ɛː˨˨/

   ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/

   ée = /ɛː˥˨/

   ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/

   eé = /ɛː˨˥/

   ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/

   éé = /ɛː˥˥/

   ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

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Neapolitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin de

Alternative forms

'e

Preposition

e

1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2

From Latin et

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Norwegian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Inflection

Inflection of e

	indefinite singular	definite singular	indefinite plural	definite plural
Bokmål m	e	e-en	e-er	e-ene
Nynorsk m	e	e-en	e-ar	e-ane

Usage notes

• /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Etymology 2

Verb

e

1. (dialectal) Present tense of være (Bokmål), vera/vere (Nynorsk); equivalent to standardized er.

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Novial

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Nzadi

Particle

é

1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading

• Crane, Thera; Larry Hyman; Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

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Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Old French

Alternative forms

• et

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Descendants

• Occitan: e

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Old Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms

• ⁊

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)

Descendants

• Fala: i
• Galician: e
• Portuguese: e

Etymology 2

Alternative form of é

Verb

e

1. Alternative form of é
   • 13th century, attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 7 (facsimile):

     Eſta e como ſanta Maria liurou a Abadeſſa prenne q̇ adormecera anto ſeu Altar chorando.

     This one is about how Holy Mary acquitted the pregnant abbess who had fallen asleep crying in front of her altar.

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Papiamentu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu e.

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, third person singular.

Etymology 2

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

Article

e

1. the (definite article)

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Pohnpeian

Etymology 1

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ah
• eh

Determiner

e

1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun

   Liho iang eh pwoud.

   The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3

Of Onomatopoeic origin.

Interjection

e

1. what, in response to being called

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: e

Letter:

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: é

Conjunction:

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: i

Noun:

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe/

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Conjunction

e

2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)

   Eu vim e eles saíram.

   I came and they left.

   • 2007, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows), Rocco, page 211:

     Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...

     They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...

4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)

   Eu e ele vamos embora.

   He and I are going away.

   Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.

   I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.

6. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)
   • 2003, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix (Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix), Rocco, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair, it's dark and brilliant and soft...

   Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.

   She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.

8. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)

   Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.

   True and false yields false.

10. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)

    Esperei por anos e anos.

    I waited for years and years.

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:e.

Synonyms

• &

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. (logic) and, conjunction

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:e.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called ê or é and written in the Latin script.

1. • 2005, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe (Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince), Rocco, page 141:

     Quero conversar com os senhores e exijo sua total e absoluta atenção.

     I want to talk with you and I demand your total and absolute attention.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of este

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. Abbreviation of este (east)

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Rapa Nui

Particle

e

1. agentive particle that marks the subject when a sensing verb is used

Usage notes

Only used with sensing verbs; otherwise use i.

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Romagnol

Conjunction

e

1. and

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Romanian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme, generally) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet.

Usage notes

See E for pronunciation notes and details.

See also

• Previous letter: d
• Next letter: f

Etymology 2

Interjection

e

1. expression of annoyance, irritation
2. expression of boredom, indifference
3. (when prolonged...eee) surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /je/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

e

1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi.

   El e un copil.

   "He is a child."

Synonyms

• este
• (regional) îi
• (familiar) -i

Etymology 4

See et.

Conjunction

e

1. (obsolete) and
2. (obsolete) but

Synonyms

• (and): și
• (but): dar, iar

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Samoan

Preposition

e

1. by (a person or animate object)

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish é, hé, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Pronoun

e

1. he
2. him
3. (referring to a masculine noun) it

Related terms

• esan (emphatic)

See also

• mi
• thu
• i

• sinn
• sibh
• iad

References

• Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• “1 é, hé” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Alternative forms

• (uppercase): E

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

1. The 9th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by đ and followed by f.

Usage notes

Its name is е /e/ and it has the sound of e in net.

Etymology 2

Variant of ej or hej

Interjection

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

1. (rare) well, now
2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence

   E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?

4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise

   E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?

5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)

   E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

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Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• Audio (Spain)

  (file)

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

1. The fifth letter of the alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

1. Name of the letter E.

Etymology 2

Conjunction

1. and

Usage notes

Used instead of when the following word starts with the vowel sound .

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Swedish

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• letter name:
• phoneme:

Letter

1. The fifth letter of the alphabet, called [[e#|e]] and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Spelling from internet slang.

Verb

1. colloquial spelling of är

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Tahitian

Particle

1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

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Teop

Pronoun

1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

External links

• https://corpus1.mpi.nl/media-archive/dobes_data/Teop/Info/Teop_Sketch_Grammar_May07.pdf
• http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2012-indiv-sol.en.pdf

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Tongan

Preposition

1. by

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Turkish

Letter

1. The sixth letter of the alphabet, called [[e#|e]] and written in the Latin script.

Noun

1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[E#|E]]/[[e#|e]].

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

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Turkmen

Letter

1. The fifth letter of the alphabet, called [[e#|e]] and written in the Latin script.

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Vietnamese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from .

Noun

1. The name of the Latin-script letter [[E#|E]]/[[e#|e]].

Etymology 2

Verb

1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid

2. to be slightly ashamed

Etymology 3

Pronoun

1. Abbreviation of .

References

• "e" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

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Vilamovian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

1. egg

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Volapük

Conjunction

1. and

Related terms

• ,

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Welsh

Pronoun

1. he, him

Usage notes

E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while is used in the north. and are variants of and respectively.

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Westrobothnian

Etymology 1

From , from .

Adverb

1. ay

   e värr å e värr

   ever worse and worse

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Zazaki

Interjection

1. yes

Particle

1. yes

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Zulu

Letter

1. The fifth letter of the alphabet, written in the Latin script.