e

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See also: E, è, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Translingual[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

Approximate form of upper case letter E that was the source for lower case e Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, “Epsilon”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA
    		(file)

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also[edit]

Symbol[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

e

  1. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459
  2. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.
    1.2566e-6 = 1.2566 × 10-6
  3. (IPA) close-mid front unrounded vowel
  4. (algebra, group theory) identity element
    a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a
  5. (physics) electron

Synonyms[edit]

  • (scientific notation): E
  • (electron): e⁻
  • (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

Gallery[edit]

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur

  • Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also[edit]

Other representations of E:

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English and Old English lower case letter e and split of æ, ea, eo, and œ, from five 7th century replacements of Anglo-Saxon Futhorcs by Latin letters:

  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛖ (e) Old English lower case letter e, from replacement by Latin letter e of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛖ (e).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ) Old English lower case letter æ from replacement by Latin ligature æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛠ (ea) Old English lower case digraph ea, from replacement by Latin digraph ea of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛠ (ea).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo) Old English lower case digraph eo from replacement by Latin digraph eo of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛟ (œ) Old English lower case letter œ from replacement by Latin ligature œ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /iː/
  • Audio (UK)
    		(file)
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
  • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E, plural e's)

  1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Coordinate terms[edit]

Number[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun[edit]

e (plural ees)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.
  2. (mathematics) the base of the natural logarithm, 2.718281828459045…

Coordinate terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Afar[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Albanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. also

Related terms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e m or f or n

  1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)
    E di. / S'e di.
    I know it. / I don't know it.
    E bleva.
    I bought it.

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. (of)
    Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.
    The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

Article[edit]

e

  1. adjectival article for:
    1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
    2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
    3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

See also[edit]

forms of the adjectival articles
masculine
(gjinia mashkullore) 		feminine
(gjinia femërore) 		plural
(numri shumës)
indefinite
(trajtë të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara) 		indefinite
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara) 		indefinite
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara)
nominative
(emërore) 		i i e e të e
accusative
(kallëzore) 		të e të e të e
genitive, dative and ablative
(gjinore, dhanore dhe rrjedhore) 		të të të së të të
Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite.

Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “Conjunction e (and also)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, page 85

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

e f

  1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension[edit]

Declension of en
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative/accusative en e es -
dative emene enere emene -
  • Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Angolar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he

Aromanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. but
  3. or

Synonyms[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e lower case (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Breton[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. his

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. in
Usage notes[edit]

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

Catalan[edit]

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. The Latin letter E (lowercase e).

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

e

  1. e- (electronic)

Corsican[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Article[edit]

e f pl

  1. the

Related terms[edit]

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet.

See also[edit]

  • Previous letter: d
  • Next letter: f

Emilian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Esperanto[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Estonian[edit]

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

See also[edit]

Fala[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of i

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː] (name of letter)
  • Audio
    		(file)

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. (music) E (note)

Usage notes[edit]

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension[edit]

Declension of e (type maa)
singular plural
nominative e e:t
genitive e:n e:iden
e:itten
partitive e:tä e:itä
accusative e
e:n 		e:t
inessive e:ssä e:issä
elative e:stä e:istä
illative e:hen e:ihin
adessive e:llä e:illä
ablative e:ltä e:iltä
allative e:lle e:ille
essive e:nä e:inä
translative e:ksi e:iksi
instructive – e:in
abessive e:ttä e:ittä
comitative – e:ineen

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e m (plural e)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Friulian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Fula[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. with

Usage notes[edit]

  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e

  1. Romanization of 𐌴

Guinea-Bissau Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Hawaiian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
  2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (archaic, except before postpositions) this (used as a pronoun, that is, instead of a noun phrase, with postpositions taking nouns with cases)
    E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.
    • 1836, Vörösmarty Mihály, Szózat
      A nagy világon e kivűl (modern spelling: kívül) / Nincsen számodra hely;
      In the great world outside of this / There is no place for you;

Determiner[edit]

e (demonstrative)

  1. (archaic, otherwise mostly in fixed phrases beginning with a consonant, as a counterpart of ez) this
    E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.
Usage notes[edit]

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)
ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house
Synonyms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)
    E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? - Hey! Where is Joe?
    Itt van, e! - Here it is. (informal, not polite)

Etymology 2[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative e e-k
accusative e-t e-ket
dative e-nek e-knek
instrumental e-vel e-kkel
causal-final e-ért e-kért
translative e-vé e-kké
terminative e-ig e-kig
essive-formal e-ként e-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive e-ben e-kben
superessive e-n e-ken
adessive e-nél e-knél
illative e-be e-kbe
sublative e-re e-kre
allative e-hez e-khez
elative e-ből e-kből
delative e-ről e-kről
ablative e-től e-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		e-é e-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		e-éi e-kéi
Possessive forms of e
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. e-m e-im
2nd person sing. e-d e-id
3rd person sing. e-je e-i
1st person plural e-nk e-ink
2nd person plural e-tek e-itek
3rd person plural e-jük e-ik
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Entry #125 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Iau[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. water

Further reading[edit]

  • Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Icelandic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Apocopic form of ed

Related terms[edit]

  • a (“to”)
  • o (“or”)

Indo-Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e (“and”).

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
    • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
      Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá
      Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

Interlingua[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Istriot[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:
      Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.
      Dear, with that little white and red face.

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /e/
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: é

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Noun[edit]

e f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.; e

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin et.[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ed (prevocalic)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

References[edit]

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e

  1. Rōmaji transcription of え
  2. Rōmaji transcription of エ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of へ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヘ

Kabuverdianu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Kosraean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. fire

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter[edit]

e

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ē f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter E.
Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • e in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3[edit]

Abbreviated from ex.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ē (short form of ex)

  2. out of, from
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Latvian[edit]

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology[edit]

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation[edit]

(file)
(file)

Letter[edit]

E

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also[edit]

Ligurian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
Ligurian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine  a e

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin illae.

Article[edit]

e f pl (singular a)

  1. the

Livonian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Lule Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

e

  1. third-person plural present of ij

Malay[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e (Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 呃

e

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of è.

Usage notes[edit]

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. the fifth letter of the modern Latin alphabet

Etymology 2[edit]

From French et.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of æ

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of I

References[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of he

References[edit]

Middle Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei

Adverb[edit]

ê

  1. always

Descendants[edit]

  • German Low German: Ehe

Navajo[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:
    e = /ɛ˨/
    ę = /ɛ̃˨/
    é = /ɛ˥/
    ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/
    ee = /ɛː˨˨/
    ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/
    ée = /ɛː˥˨/
    ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/
    eé = /ɛː˨˥/
    ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/
    éé = /ɛː˥˥/
    ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

Neapolitan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin de

Alternative forms[edit]

'e

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin et

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Norwegian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /eː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Etymology[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of e
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Bokmål m e e-en e-er e-ene
Nynorsk m e e-en e-ar e-ane

Usage notes[edit]

  • /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse er.

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (dialectal, colloquial) Apocopic form of er, present of vera

Novial[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Nzadi[edit]

Particle[edit]

é

  1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes[edit]

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading[edit]

  • Crane, Thera; Larry Hyman; Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

Occitan[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. e (the letter e, E)

Old French[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of et

Old Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Descendants[edit]

  • Catalan: i
  • Occitan: e

Old Portuguese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
Descendants[edit]
  • Fala: i
  • Galician: e
  • Portuguese: e
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
    • Indo-Portuguese: e
    • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
    • Papiamentu: i, y

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative form of é

Verb[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of é

Papiamentu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu el.

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, she, third person singular.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

Article[edit]

e

  1. the (definite article)

Pohnpeian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms[edit]

Determiner[edit]

e

  1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun
    Liho iang eh pwoud.
    The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3[edit]

Of Onomatopoeic origin.

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. what, in response to being called

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. (vulgar) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

Further reading[edit]

  • e in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • e in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: e

Letter:

Conjunction:

Noun:

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)
    Eu vim e eles saíram.
    I came and they left.
  4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)
    Eu e ele vamos embora.
    He and I are going away.
    Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.
    I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.
  6. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)
    Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.
    She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.
  8. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)
    Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.
    True and false yields false.
  10. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)
    Esperei por anos e anos.
    I waited for years and years.
Quotations[edit]

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:e.

Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Noun[edit]

e m (uncountable)

  1. (logic) and, conjunction

Quotations[edit]

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:e.

Etymology 2[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Abbreviation of este

Noun[edit]

e m (uncountable)

  1. Abbreviation of este (east)

Etymology 4[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative form of é (“is”)

Rapa Nui[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. agentive particle that marks the subject when a sensing verb is used

Usage notes[edit]

Only used with sensing verbs; otherwise use i.

Romagnol[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Romanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes[edit]

See E for pronunciation notes.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e ? (plural e-uri)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.
Declension[edit]
Declension of e
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) e e-ul (niște) e-uri e-urile
genitive/dative (unui) e e-ului (unor) e-uri e-urilor
vocative e-ule e-urilor

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. expression of annoyance, irritation
  2. expression of boredom, indifference
  3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi
    El e un copil.
    He is a child.
    Synonyms: este, îi (regional), -i (familiar)

Etymology 4[edit]

See et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. (obsolete) and
    Synonym: și
  2. (obsolete) but
    Synonyms: dar, iar

Samoan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by (a person or animate object)

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish é, hé, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he
  2. him
  3. (referring to a masculine noun) it

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • “e” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, →ISBN.
  • Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 é, hé”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (uppercase): E

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. The 9th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by đ and followed by f.
Usage notes[edit]

Its name is е /e/ and it has the sound of e in net.

Etymology 2[edit]

Variant of ej or hej

Interjection[edit]

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. (rare) well, now
  2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
  3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence
    E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?
  4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise
    E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?
  5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)
    E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

Skolt Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. Name of the letter E.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms[edit]

  • y
  • é (obsolete)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
    Yo hablo francés e inglés.
    I speak French and English.

Usage notes[edit]

Used instead of y when the following word starts with the vowel sound /i/.

See also[edit]

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Reduced form of de?”)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. Verbal marker for continuous aspect.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • letter name: IPA(key): /eː/
  • phoneme: IPA(key): /eː/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of är.
    • 2014 January 17, Veronica Maggio (lyrics and music), “Hela huset ft. Håkan Hellström”‎[1]:
      Går runt i t-shirt och e trött
      Walking tired around in a t-shirt

Tahitian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

Teop[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

External links[edit]

Tongan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by

Turkish[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Turkmen[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Tuvaluan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. present tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Portuguese é.

Noun[edit]

e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

e • (衣, 㥋, 𢙬, 𠵱, 𠲖, 依)

  1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid
    Tôi e cô ta không đến.
    I am afraid she will not come.
  2. to be slightly ashamed
See also[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of em.

References[edit]

Vilamovian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e n

  1. egg

Volapük[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (before a vowel) ed

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Related terms[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): è
  • (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): é
  • (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ê
  • (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ë

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e f (plural eau)

  1. The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by dd and followed by f.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter A.

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
e unchanged unchanged he
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, him

Usage notes[edit]

E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while o is used in the north, with fe and fo as variants of e and Lua error: not enough memory respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is Lua error: not enough memory.

Westrobothnian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Lua error: not enough memory, from Lua error: not enough memory.

Adverb[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. ay
    e värr å e värr
    ever worse and worse

Etymology 2[edit]

Article[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory

Etymology 3[edit]

Preposition[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. Lua error: not enough memory

Zazaki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Lua error: not enough memory

Pronunciation[edit]

Phonetik.svg This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Lua error: not enough memory

Interjection[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. yes

Particle[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. yes

Antonyms[edit]

  • Lua error: not enough memory

Zulu[edit]

Letter[edit]

Lua error: not enough memory

  1. The Lua error: not enough memory letter of the Lua error: not enough memory alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

  • Lua error: not enough memory
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