e

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: E, è, é, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Translingual[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

Approximate form of upper case letter E that was the source for lower case e Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, “Epsilon”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(file)

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also[edit]

Symbol[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

e

  1. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, also known as Euler’s number, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459…
  2. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.
    1.2566e-6 = 1.2566 × 10-6
  3. (IPA) close-mid front unrounded vowel
  4. (algebra, group theory) identity element
    a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a
  5. (physics) electron
  6. (physics) elementary charge

Usage notes[edit]

In the sense as a mathematical constant, the symbol is traditionally represented in an italic font.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (scientific notation): E
  • (electron): e⁻
  • (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

Gallery[edit]

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur

  • Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also[edit]

Other representations of E:

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English and Old English lower case letter e and split of æ, ea, eo, and œ, from five 7th century replacements of Anglo-Saxon Futhorcs by Latin letters:

  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛖ (e) Old English lower case letter e, from replacement by Latin letter e of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛖ (e).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ) Old English lower case letter æ from replacement by Latin ligature æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛠ (ea) Old English lower case digraph ea, from replacement by Latin digraph ea of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛠ (ea).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo) Old English lower case digraph eo from replacement by Latin digraph eo of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo).
  • Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛟ (œ) Old English lower case letter œ from replacement by Latin ligature œ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /iː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
    • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

  1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Coordinate terms[edit]

Number[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Symbol[edit]

e

  1. (stenoscript) (a) an initial letter ⟨e⟩
    (b) the long vowel /iː/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not j, v, z (the consonant is not written; [ɪə˞] counts as /iːr/)
    (c) the words he, me

Noun[edit]

e (plural ees)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Coordinate terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

See e/translations § English.

Afar[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Afrikaans[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Ainu[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

e (Kana spelling エ)

  1. (transitive) to eat

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

  • ku (“to drink”)

Albanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. also

Related terms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e m or f or n

  1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)
    E di. / S'e di.
    I know it. / I don't know it.
    E bleva.
    I bought it.

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. (of)
    Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.
    The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

Article[edit]

e

  1. adjectival article for:
    1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
    2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
    3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

See also[edit]

forms of the adjectival articles
masculine
(gjinia mashkullore) 		feminine
(gjinia femërore) 		plural
(numri shumës)
indefinite
(trajtë të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara) 		indefinite
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara) 		indefinite
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite
(trajta të shquara)
nominative
(emërore) 		i i e e të e
accusative
(kallëzore) 		të e të e të e
genitive, dative and ablative
(gjinore, dhanore dhe rrjedhore) 		të të të së të të
Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite.

Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “Conjunction e (and also)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

e f

  1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension[edit]

Declension of en
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative/accusative en e es -
dative emene enere emene -
  • Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Angolar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he

Aromanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. but
  3. or

Synonyms[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e lower case (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Breton[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. his

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. in
Usage notes[edit]

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Rhymes: -e

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. The Latin letter E (lowercase e).

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

e

  1. e- (electronic)

Corsican[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the earlier le.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

  1. the (feminine plural)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

Pronoun[edit]

e f pl

  1. them (feminine direct object)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

See also[edit]

Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

References[edit]

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet.

See also[edit]

  • Previous letter: d
  • Next letter: f

Emilian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Esperanto[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Estonian[edit]

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

See also[edit]

Fala[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of i

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː] (name of letter)
  • Audio:(file)

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. (music) E (note)
Usage notes[edit]

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension[edit]
Declension of e (type maa)
singular plural
nominative e e:t
genitive e:n e:iden
e:itten
partitive e:tä e:itä
accusative e
e:n 		e:t
inessive e:ssä e:issä
elative e:stä e:istä
illative e:hen e:ihin
adessive e:llä e:illä
ablative e:ltä e:iltä
allative e:lle e:ille
essive e:nä e:inä
translative e:ksi e:iksi
instructive – e:in
abessive e:ttä e:ittä
comitative – e:ineen

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e m (plural e)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Derived terms[edit]

Friulian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Fula[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
  2. with
Usage notes[edit]
  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Further reading[edit]

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e

  1. Romanization of 𐌴

Guinea-Bissau Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Gun[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

é

  1. she, he, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. her, him, it (third-person singular personal object pronoun)

Hawaiian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
  2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Determiner[edit]

e (demonstrative)

  1. (chiefly archaic, except before consonant-initial words, as a counterpart of ez) this
    Synonyms: eme, (only determiners; both are archaic or formal) ezen
    az e heti hírek ― this week’s news
    e világi ― of this world, worldly, mundane
    E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.
    E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (archaic, except before most consonant-initial postpositions) this
    Itt a mozi, e mellett lakunk mi. ― Here is the cinema; we live next to this.
    • 1836, Mihály Vörösmarty, Szózat[1] (Appeal)[2]
      A nagy világon e kivűl / Nincsen számodra hely;
      In the great world outside of here / There is no place for you
      (“E kívül” would be ezen kívül in present-day Hungarian, formed from ez.)
Usage notes[edit]

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)
ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house

Most consonant-initial postpositions can take e, e.g. e nélkül, e helyett, see Pronominal adverbs from postpositions, in the column “that one, this one”. On the other hand, vowel-initial postpositions take ez (e.g. ez alatt, ez iránt).

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. (folksy) look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)
    E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? ― Hey! Where is Joe?
    Itt van, e! (informal) ― Here it is.

Etymology 2[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter or phoneme itself; identifier): IPA(key): [ˈɛː][2]
  • (musical note): IPA(key): [ˈeː] (in the names of minor scales; see also E)

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  2. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative e e-k
accusative e-t e-ket
dative e-nek e-knek
instrumental e-vel e-kkel
causal-final e-ért e-kért
translative e-vé e-kké
terminative e-ig e-kig
essive-formal e-ként e-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive e-ben e-kben
superessive e-n e-ken
adessive e-nél e-knél
illative e-be e-kbe
sublative e-re e-kre
allative e-hez e-khez
elative e-ből e-kből
delative e-ről e-kről
ablative e-től e-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		e-é e-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		e-éi e-kéi
Possessive forms of e
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. e-m e-im
2nd person sing. e-d e-id
3rd person sing. e-je e-i
1st person plural e-nk e-ink
2nd person plural e-tek e-itek
3rd person plural e-jük e-ik
Derived terms[edit]
Compound words

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Entry #125 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  2. ^ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280

Further reading[edit]

  • (sound, letter, abbreviation): e , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): e , (pronoun, alternative form of ez): e , (folksy interjection pointing at something nearby): e , (interjection, rare alternative form of eh): e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • e in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)

Iau[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. water

Further reading[edit]

  • Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Icelandic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Apocopic form of ed

Related terms[edit]

  • a (“to”)
  • o (“or”)

Igbo[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E, lower case e)

  1. The fifth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • a (retracted tongue position)

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).

Usage notes[edit]

  • Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

See also[edit]

Igbo personal pronouns
dependent independent object/possesive
Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ m, mụ
second ị, i ngị, gị gị
third ọ, o ya
Plural first anyị
second ụnụ
third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
Indefinite a/e - -

Indo-Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e (“and”).

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
    • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
      Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá
      Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Interlingua[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Istriot[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:
      Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.
      Dear, with that little white and red face.

Italian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈe/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: é

Noun[edit]

e f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.; e

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin et.[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ed (before a word starting with a vowel, especially /e ɛ/.)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /e/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: e

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
Usage notes[edit]

References[edit]

e in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e

  1. Rōmaji transcription of え
  2. Rōmaji transcription of エ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of へ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヘ

Kabuverdianu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese e.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Kosraean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. fire

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter[edit]

e

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ē f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter E.
Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • e in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3[edit]

Abbreviated from ex.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ē (short form of ex)

  2. out of, from
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Latvian[edit]

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology[edit]

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation[edit]

(file)
(file)

Letter[edit]

E

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes[edit]

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also[edit]

Ligurian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
Ligurian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine  a e

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin illae.

Article[edit]

e f pl (singular a)

  1. the

Livonian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Lule Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

e

  1. third-person plural present of ij

Malay[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Maltese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɛ/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /a/ (some speakers; when following għ in an unstressed final syllable)
  • IPA(key): /ɛː/ (long phoneme)
  • In inherited words, long e occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e (Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 呃

e

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of è.

Usage notes[edit]

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. the fifth letter of the modern Latin alphabet

Etymology 2[edit]

From French et.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of æ

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei

Adverb[edit]

ê

  1. always

Descendants[edit]

  • German Low German: Ehe

Navajo[edit]

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:
    e = /ɛ˨/
    ę = /ɛ̃˨/
    é = /ɛ˥/
    ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/
    ee = /ɛː˨˨/
    ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/
    ée = /ɛː˥˨/
    ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/
    eé = /ɛː˨˥/
    ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/
    éé = /ɛː˥˥/
    ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

Neapolitan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin de

Alternative forms[edit]

'e

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin et

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Norwegian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /eː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Letter[edit]

e

  1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of e
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Bokmål m e e-en e-er e-ene
Nynorsk m e e-en e-ar e-ane

Usage notes[edit]

  • /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Article[edit]

e

  1. (non-standard since 1938) Alternative form of ei

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse er.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (dialectal, colloquial) Apocopic form of er, present of vera

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (dialectal) pronunciation spelling of eg (“I”).

Nupe[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

è

  1. Marks the imperfective aspect, for actions that are not completed.

Nzadi[edit]

Particle[edit]

é

  1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes[edit]

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading[edit]

  • Crane, Thera; Larry Hyman; Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

Occitan[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. e (the letter e, E)

Old French[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of et

Old Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Descendants[edit]

  • Occitan: e

Old Portuguese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
Descendants[edit]
  • Fala: i
  • Galician: e
  • Portuguese: e
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
    • Indo-Portuguese: e
    • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
    • Papiamentu: i, y

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative form of é

Verb[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of é

Old Spanish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • é (alternative spelling)
  • ed, et (alternative forms)
  • i

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
    • c. 1200: Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v.
      e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar
      And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.

Descendants[edit]

  • Spanish: y, e

Ometepec Nahuatl[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. bean.

Papiamentu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu el.

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, she, third person singular.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

Article[edit]

e

  1. the (definite article)

Pohnpeian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms[edit]

Determiner[edit]

e

  1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun
    Liho iang eh pwoud.
    The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3[edit]

Of Onomatopoeic origin.

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. what, in response to being called

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. (colloquial) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

Further reading[edit]

  • e in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • e in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)
    Eu vim e eles saíram.
    I came and they left.
    Synonym: &
  4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)
    Eu e ele vamos embora.
    He and I are going away.
    Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.
    I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.
  6. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)
    Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.
    She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.
  8. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)
    Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.
    True and false yields false.
  10. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)
    Esperei por anos e anos.
    I waited for years and years.
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Descendants[edit]
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Noun[edit]

e m (uncountable)

  1. (logic) and, conjunction

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Etymology 2[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: e

Letter:

Noun:

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Abbreviation of este

Noun[edit]

e m (uncountable)

  1. Abbreviation of este (east)

Etymology 4[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative form of é (“is”)

Rapa Nui[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈe/
  • Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle[edit]

e

  1. Used to mark the subject of a non-stative verb.
  2. Used to form a vocative of the following (proper) noun.
Usage notes[edit]
  • The particle is only obligatory when used with verbs describing first-hand sensing:
    He tike'a koe e au. ― I see you.
  • With other verbs, e has an emphatic undertone.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle[edit]

e

  1. Used to indicate the imperfective aspect.
  2. Used to indicate the exhortative mood.
  3. Used before numerals to form cardinal numbers.

References[edit]

  • Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 67
  • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[3], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 323, 381

Romagnol[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Romani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. (International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes[edit]

See E for pronunciation notes.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e n (plural e-uri)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.
Declension[edit]
Declension of e
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) e e-ul (niște) e-uri e-urile
genitive/dative (unui) e e-ului (unor) e-uri e-urilor
vocative e-ule e-urilor

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. expression of annoyance, irritation
  2. expression of boredom, indifference
  3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3[edit]

From Latin est.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi
    El e un copil.
    He is a child.
    Synonyms: este, (regional) îi, (familiar) -i

Etymology 4[edit]

From Latin et.

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. (obsolete) and
    Synonym: și
  2. (obsolete) but
    Synonyms: dar, iar

Samoan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by (a person or animate object)

Sardinian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Sassarese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti or *h₁eti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish é. Cognates include Irish é and Manx eh.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, him, it

See also[edit]

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
simple emphatic
singular plural singular plural
First person mi sinn mise sinne
Second person thu, tu1) sibh thusa, tusa1) sibhse
Third person m e iad esan iadsan
Third person f i ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
**) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.
1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

References[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (uppercase): E

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. The 9th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by đ and followed by f.
Usage notes[edit]

Its name is е /e/ and it has the sound of e in net.

Etymology 2[edit]

Variant of ej or hej

Interjection[edit]

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

  1. (rare) well, now
  2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
  3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence
    E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?
  4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise
    E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?
  5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)
    E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

Sicilian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Skolt Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun[edit]

e f (plural es)

  1. Name of the letter E

Etymology 2[edit]

Latin et

Alternative forms[edit]

  • y
  • é (obsolete)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and
    Yo hablo francés e inglés.
    I speak French and English.
Usage notes[edit]

Used instead of y when the following word starts with the vowel sound /i/.

See also[edit]

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Reduced form of de (“to be”)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. Verbal marker for continuous aspect.

Sumerian[edit]

Romanization[edit]

e

  1. Romanization of 𒂊 (e)

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • letter name: IPA(key): /eː/
  • phoneme: IPA(key): /eː/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of är.
    • 2014 January 17, Veronica Maggio (lyrics and music), “Hela huset ft. Håkan Hellström”‎[4]:
      Går runt i t-shirt och e trött
      Walking tired around in a t-shirt
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old Norse æ, ei, ey, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), *aiwaz.

Adverb[edit]

e (not comparable)

  1. (archaic) forever, ever
    Synonym: alltid
Related terms[edit]

Tahitian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

Teop[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

Further reading[edit]

Tokelauan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈe/
  • Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. Marks the subject of a transitive verb; by

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e

Particle[edit]

e

  1. Indicates indefinite present tense.
    • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[5], page 1:
      Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
      We, the people of Tokelau, (do) speak openly
  2. Indicates future tense.

References[edit]

  • R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary‎[6], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 24

Tongan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. by

Turkish[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Turkmen[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Tuvaluan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle[edit]

e

  1. present tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Portuguese é.

Noun[edit]

e

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Etymology 2[edit]

Compare Pacoh e (“to guard, to watch over”).

Verb[edit]

e • (衣, 㥋, 𢙬, 𠵱, 𠲖, 依)

  1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid
    Tôi e cô ta không đến.
    I am afraid she will not come.
  2. to be slightly ashamed
See also[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of em.

References[edit]

Vilamovian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

e n

  1. egg

Volapük[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (before a vowel) ed

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction[edit]

e

  1. and

Related terms[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): è
  • (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): é
  • (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ê
  • (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ë

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by dd and followed by f.
Derived terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
  • e cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word eliffant (“elephant”):
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
eliffant unchanged unchanged heliffant
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

e f (plural eau)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
e unchanged unchanged he
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.


Etymology 2[edit]

Reduction of literary ef

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. he, him
Usage notes[edit]

E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while o is used in the north, with fe and fo as variants of e and o respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

West Makian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

e

  1. (transitive) to fetch
  2. (transitive) to take

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of e (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tee mee ae
2nd person nee fee
3rd person inanimate ie dee
animate
imperative nee, e fee, e

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[7], Pacific linguistics

Westrobothnian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse æ (“ay, ever, always”), from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”).

Adverb[edit]

e

  1. ay
    e värr å e värr
    ever worse and worse

Etymology 2[edit]

Article[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of i

Etymology 3[edit]

Preposition[edit]

e

  1. Alternative form of i

Yoruba[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called é and written in the Latin script.

Noun[edit]

é

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter E.

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

e

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /e/)

Pronoun[edit]

é

  1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /e/)

Zazaki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Phonetik.svg This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Interjection[edit]

e

  1. yes

Particle[edit]

e

  1. yes

Antonyms[edit]

Zulu[edit]

Letter[edit]

e (lower case, upper case E)

  1. The fifth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=e&oldid=67126655"