este

See also: -este, Este, éste, ėste, ešte, esté, and -ește

English

Noun

este (usually uncountable, plural estes)

1. Alternative form of est

Anagrams

• Sète, Tees, see't, stee, tees

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• iste

Etymology

From Latin iste (“that”). Cognate to Spanish este (“this”).

Determiner

este

1. this

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).

Noun

este m (plural estes)

1. east

Catalan

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin iste. Cf. Spanish este.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈes.te/

Determiner

este (feminine esta, masculine and feminine plural estos)

1. (Valencia) this

Related terms

• aquest

Pronoun

este (feminine esta, masculine and feminine plural estos)

1. (Valencia) this (one), (in the plural) these (ones)

See also

Catalan demonstratives

Grade		determiner	pronoun	locative
1st	near	aquest, este1	açò2, ço1	ací1
2nd	neutral	aqueix1, eixe1	això	aquí, ahí2
3rd	remote	aquell	allò	allà, allí
1) Dialectal, archaic in other dialects 2) Valencian

Corsican

L'este.

Alternative forms

• est

Etymology

Borrowed from French est. Cognates include Italian est and Spanish este.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛste/
• Hyphenation: es‧te

Noun

este m (uncountable)

1. east

References

• “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Creek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /is.ti/, [ɪs.t̪ɪ]

Noun

este (plural estvlke)

1. person

Elfdalian

Noun

este

1. indefinite dative singular of est

Finnish

Etymology

estää +‎ -e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈesteˣ/, [ˈe̞s̠te̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -este
• Syllabification^(key): es‧te

Noun

este

1. obstacle, barrier, hindrance, obstruction, impediment

   avioliiton este ― impediment to marriage

2. excuse

   pätevä este ― valid excuse

3. (athletics) hurdle

Declension

Inflection of este (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		este	esteet
genitive		esteen	esteiden esteitten
partitive		estettä	esteitä
illative		esteeseen	esteisiin esteihin
		singular	plural
nominative		este	esteet
accusative	nom.	este	esteet
	gen.	esteen
genitive		esteen	esteiden esteitten
partitive		estettä	esteitä
inessive		esteessä	esteissä
elative		esteestä	esteistä
illative		esteeseen	esteisiin esteihin
adessive		esteellä	esteillä
ablative		esteeltä	esteiltä
allative		esteelle	esteille
essive		esteenä	esteinä
translative		esteeksi	esteiksi
instructive		—	estein
abessive		esteettä	esteittä
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of este (type hame)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative esteeni esteeni accusative nom. esteeni esteeni gen. esteeni genitive esteeni esteideni esteitteni partitive estettäni esteitäni inessive esteessäni esteissäni elative esteestäni esteistäni illative esteeseeni esteisiini esteihini adessive esteelläni esteilläni ablative esteeltäni esteiltäni allative esteelleni esteilleni essive esteenäni esteinäni translative esteekseni esteikseni instructive — — abessive esteettäni esteittäni comitative — esteineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative esteesi esteesi accusative nom. esteesi esteesi gen. esteesi genitive esteesi esteidesi esteittesi partitive estettäsi esteitäsi inessive esteessäsi esteissäsi elative esteestäsi esteistäsi illative esteeseesi esteisiisi esteihisi adessive esteelläsi esteilläsi ablative esteeltäsi esteiltäsi allative esteellesi esteillesi essive esteenäsi esteinäsi translative esteeksesi esteiksesi instructive — — abessive esteettäsi esteittäsi comitative — esteinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative esteemme esteemme accusative nom. esteemme esteemme gen. esteemme genitive esteemme esteidemme esteittemme partitive estettämme esteitämme inessive esteessämme esteissämme elative esteestämme esteistämme illative esteeseemme esteisiimme esteihimme adessive esteellämme esteillämme ablative esteeltämme esteiltämme allative esteellemme esteillemme essive esteenämme esteinämme translative esteeksemme esteiksemme instructive — — abessive esteettämme esteittämme comitative — esteinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative esteenne esteenne accusative nom. esteenne esteenne gen. esteenne genitive esteenne esteidenne esteittenne partitive estettänne esteitänne inessive esteessänne esteissänne elative esteestänne esteistänne illative esteeseenne esteisiinne esteihinne adessive esteellänne esteillänne ablative esteeltänne esteiltänne allative esteellenne esteillenne essive esteenänne esteinänne translative esteeksenne esteiksenne instructive — — abessive esteettänne esteittänne comitative — esteinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative esteensä esteensä accusative nom. esteensä esteensä gen. esteensä genitive esteensä esteidensä esteittensä partitive estettään estettänsä esteitään esteitänsä inessive esteessään esteessänsä esteissään esteissänsä elative esteestään esteestänsä esteistään esteistänsä illative esteeseensä esteisiinsä esteihinsä adessive esteellään esteellänsä esteillään esteillänsä ablative esteeltään esteeltänsä esteiltään esteiltänsä allative esteelleen esteellensä esteilleen esteillensä essive esteenään esteenänsä esteinään esteinänsä translative esteekseen esteeksensä esteikseen esteiksensä instructive — — abessive esteettään esteettänsä esteittään esteittänsä comitative — esteineen esteinensä

Derived terms

• adjectives: esteellinen, esteetön

Compounds

• estejuoksu
• esteratsastus

Related terms

• esto
• estyä
• estää

Further reading

• "este" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja (Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish).

Anagrams

• Seet, seet, tees

Galician

Alternative forms

• iste

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese este, from Latin iste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈestɪ]

Determiner

este m (feminine singular esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto)

1. this

   Este libro é meu ― This book is mine

References

• “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “este” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Further reading

• “este” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• estve (folksy, archaic)

Etymology

The adverb sense is from the former est (“evening”) +‎ -vel (“with”) (a derivation similar to reggel or tavasszal). First the final -l wore off and the adverb estve (“in the evening”) was used for a long time (still in use today in dialects), later the -v was dropped. The noun sense became independent from the compound word napeste (“the fall of the sun”). The noun est is from the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix). The es- stem is from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃtɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: es‧te
• Rhymes: -tɛ

Adverb

este (not comparable)

1. in the evening (from approximately 6 p.m. until going to bed; depends on working hours, daylight length, etc.)

Usage notes

Adverbs of temporal nouns     (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time)
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb)	nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”)
-kor (“at”)	pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.)
-ban/-ben (“in”)	dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”)	days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”)
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel)	tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”)

Noun

este (plural esték)

1. evening

   Synonym: (currently used in a narrower sense) est

Declension

For the terminative, estig is the most common form.

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	este	esték
accusative	estét	estéket
dative	estének	estéknek
instrumental	estével	estékkel
causal-final	estéért	estékért
translative	estévé	estékké
terminative	estéig	estékig
essive-formal	esteként	estékként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	estében	estékben
superessive	estén	estéken
adessive	esténél	estéknél
illative	estébe	estékbe
sublative	estére	estékre
allative	estéhez	estékhez
elative	estéből	estékből
delative	estéről	estékről
ablative	estétől	estéktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	estéé	estéké
non-attributive possessive - plural	estééi	estékéi

Possessive forms of este
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	estém	estéim
2nd person sing.	estéd	estéid
3rd person sing.	estéje	estéi
1st person plural	esténk	estéink
2nd person plural	estétek	estéitek
3rd person plural	estéjük	estéik

Derived terms

• esteledik
• esténként

 

Compound words

• karácsonyeste
• szenteste

 

Expressions

• csap egy görbe estét
• estéről estére

 

Noun

este

1. the fall (of someone or something)

   Synonyms: esése, dőlése

2. (poetic) the downfall (of someone or something)

Declension

It most commonly occurs today in the form estében (“as he/she/it falls/fell”).

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	este	—
accusative	estét	—
dative	estének	—
instrumental	estével	—
causal-final	estéért	—
translative	estévé	—
terminative	estéig	—
essive-formal	esteként	—
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	estében	—
superessive	estén	—
adessive	esténél	—
illative	estébe	—
sublative	estére	—
allative	estéhez	—
elative	estéből	—
delative	estéről	—
ablative	estétől	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	estéé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	estééi	—

Possessive forms of este
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	estem	—
2nd person sing.	ested	—
3rd person sing.	este	—
1st person plural	estünk	—
2nd person plural	estetek	—
3rd person plural	estük	—

Further reading

• (evening): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• ([down]fall [of something]): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• este in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

Karelian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Finnish este.

Noun

este (genitive estien, partitive estettu)

1. obstacle

Latin

Etymology 1

Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeːs.te/, [ˈeːs̠t̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]

Verb

ēste

1. second-person plural present active imperative of edō

Etymology 2

Form of the verb sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛs̠t̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]

Verb

este

1. second-person plural present active imperative of sum

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English ēst, from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz.

Alternative forms

• est

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛːst(ə)/, /ˈeːst(ə)/

Noun

este (plural estes or esten)

1. grace, est, favour
2. pleasure, enjoyment, fun
3. delicacy, delicious food

Descendants

• English: est, este (obsolete)

References

• “ēste, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adjective

este

1. good, pleasant

References

• “ēste, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Etymology 2

Noun

este

1. Alternative form of heste (“directive”)

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin iste.

Pronoun

este m (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)

1. this

Synonyms

• aqueste

See also

Mirandese demonstratives (edit)
		Pronouns					Adverbs
		Singular		Plural		Neuter
		Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Proximal	X	este, aqueste	esta, aquesta	estes, aquestes	estas, aquestas	isto, aquisto	eiqui, acá
	de + X	deste, daqueste	desta, daquesta	destes, daquestes	destas, daquestas	disto, daquisto	deiqui
	an + X	neste, naqueste	nesta, naquesta	nestes, naquestes	nestas, naquestas	nisto, naquisto	—
Medial	X	esse, aquesse	essa, aquessa	esses, aquesses	essas, aquessas	isso, aquisso	alhi, eilhi
	de + X	desse, daquesse	dessa, daquessa	desses, daquesses	dessas, daquessas	disso, daquisso	dalhi, deilhi
	an + X	nesse, naquesse	nessa, naquessa	nesses, naquesses	nessas, naquessas	nisso, naquisso	—
Distal	X	aquel	aqueilha	aqueilhes	aqueilhas	aqueilho, aquilho	alhi, alhá
	de + X	daquel	daqueilha	daqueilhes	daqueilhas	daqueilho, daquilho	dalhi, dalhá
	an + X	naquel	naqueilha	naqueilhes	naqueilhas	naqueilho, naquilho	—

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.t͡ʃi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.t͡ʃi/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈɛʃ.t͡ʃi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.te/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛʃ.tɨ/

• Hyphenation: es‧te

Noun

este m (uncountable)

1. east (one of the four principal compass points)

   Synonyms: leste, nascente, oriente

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.

Coordinate terms

• (compass points) ponto cardeal;

noroeste	norte	nordeste
oeste poente ocidente		leste este nascente oriente
sudoeste	sul	sudeste

Adjective

este m or f (plural estes)

1. eastern (of, situated in, or coming from the east)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.

Synonyms

• eoo (archaic), leste, oriental

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese este (displacing collateral form aqueste), from Latin iste.

Alternative forms

• êste (superseded)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈes.t͡ʃi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈes.t͡ʃi/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ.t͡ʃi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈes.te/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ.tɨ/

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ.tɪ/

• Audio (São Paulo)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: es‧te

Determiner

este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)

1. this (indicates something or someone nearby)
2. that (indicates something or someone just mentioned)
3. this (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
4. (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 127:

     A segurança está cem vezes mais rigorosa este verão.

     The security is a hundred times more severe this summer.

Pronoun

este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto) (definite demonstrative pronoun)

1. this one (indicates something or someone nearby)
2. this one (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
3. (of a unit of time) this (which is current)

Usage notes

In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, this word is very often replaced by esse, both as a determiner and as a pronoun.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.

See also

Portuguese demonstratives (edit)
		Pronouns					Adverbs
		Singular		Plural		Neuter
		Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Proximal	X	este	esta	estes	estas	isto	aqui, cá
	de + X	deste	desta	destes	destas	disto	daqui
	em + X	neste	nesta	nestes	nestas	nisto	—
Medial	X	esse	essa	esses	essas	isso	aí
	de + X	desse	dessa	desses	dessas	disso	daí
	em + X	nesse	nessa	nesses	nessas	nisso	—
Distal	X	aquele	aquela	aqueles	aquelas	aquilo	ali, lá
	de + X	daquele	daquela	daqueles	daquelas	daquilo	dali
	em + X	naquele	naquela	naqueles	naquelas	naquilo	—
	a + X	àquele	àquela	àqueles	àquelas	àquilo
Anaphoric	X	o	a	os	as	—	—
	de + X	do	da	dos	das
	em + X	no	na	nos	nas
	a + X	ao	à	aos	às

Romanian

Alternative forms

• есте (Post-1930s (Moldavian) Cyrillic spelling)

Etymology

From Latin est with an epenthetic vowel, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Its similarity to Serbo-Croatian jeste is partially a coincidence.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjes.te/
• Rhymes: -este
• Hyphenation: es‧te

Verb

este

1. third-person singular present indicative of fi: he/she is

   Ea este o femeie foarte frumoasă.

   She is a very beautiful woman.

Synonyms

• e

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeste/ [ˈes.t̪e]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -este
• Syllabification: es‧te

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin iste.

Determiner

este m sg (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estas)

1. this

Pronoun

este m sg (demonstrative, feminine esta, neuter esto, feminine plural estas, masculine plural estos, neuter plural estos)

1. Alternative spelling of éste

Usage notes

• The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.

Coordinate terms

• esta
• estas
• esto
• estos
• ese
• esa
• eso
• esas
• esos
• aquel
• aquella
• aquello
• aquellas
• aquellos

Derived terms

• a todo esto
• este último

 

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le, se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les, se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le, se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les, se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

Interjection

este

1. uh, well (space filler in a conversation)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”), therefore related to English east and Spanish Austria.

Noun

este m (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonym: oriente

   Antonyms: oeste, occidente

Coordinate terms

• norte
• sur

See also

• oriental

Further reading

• “este”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Anagrams

• tese

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: es‧te
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔeste/, [ˈʔɛs.tɛ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish este (“uh; um”, interjection/filler).

Particle

este (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ)

1. I mean

   Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.

   I am going to the bakery, I mean, the restaurant.

Derived terms

• este-este
• umeste

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish este (“east”).

Noun

este (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ)

1. (uncommon) east (compass point)

   Synonyms: silangan, oryente

   • 1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:

     At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Coordinate terms

hilagang kanluran norweste	hilaga norte	hilagang silangan nordeste
oksidente kanluran oeste		oryente silangan este
salatan timog-kanluran	sur timog	timog-silangan

Derived terms

• Este

 

Related terms

• norte
• oeste
• sur

 

Further reading

• “este”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018

Vietnamese

Công thức cấu tạo tổng quát của este.

Etymology

Borrowed from French ester.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛt̚˧˦ stɛ˧˧], [ʔɛt̚˧˦ tɛ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ stɛ˧˧], [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ tɛ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɛk̚˦˥ stɛ˧˧], [ʔɛk̚˦˥ tɛ˧˧]
• Phonetic: ét xte, ét te

Noun

este

1. (organic chemistry) an ester

Zazaki

Etymology

Related to Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) (asthi)

Noun

este

1. bone