los

See also: Appendix:Variations of "los"

English

Lynx lynx

Etymology 1

From Middle English lusk, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with Scots los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Alternative forms

• loz, losse

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /lɒs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /lɑs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒs
• Homophone: loss

Noun

los (plural loses)

1. (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genus Lynx.

   Synonym: lynx

   The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.

   • 1592, Thomas Thomasius, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:

     A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.

Etymology 2

From Middle English los, from Old English los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą, from Proto-Indo-European *lews-.

Noun

los (plural loses)

1. Obsolete form of loss.
   • 1673, [Joseph Hill], The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice […], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry, page [75]:

     If we come under France, we have not onely Spaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but the los of our Spaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our whole Levant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.

Anagrams

• LOS, LSO, sol, SOL, SLO, OSL, OLS

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch lossen.

Verb

los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)

1. to leave, abandon

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illos (“those ones”).

Pronoun

los

1. them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms

• es

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)

1. (definite) the

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs; cf. els.

Pronoun

los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)

1. them (masculine, direct or indirect object)

   perdoneu-los ― forgive them

   doneu-los una moneda ― give them a coin

2. them (feminine, indirect object only)

   digueu-los la veritat ― tell them the truth

Usage notes

-los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl

1. masculine plural of lo

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlos]
• Rhymes: -os

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el-. Cognate with English elk, German Elch.

Noun

los m anim

1. elk (British), moose (U.S.)

Declension

Declension of los (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losi, losové
genitive	losa	losů
dative	losovi, losu	losům
accusative	losa	losy
vocative	lose	losi, losové
locative	losovi, losu	losech
instrumental	losem	losy

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Los, from Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz, ablaut variant of *hlutą.

Noun

los m inan

1. lottery ticket

Declension

Declension of los (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losy
genitive	losu	losů
dative	losu	losům
accusative	los	losy
vocative	lose	losy
locative	lose, losu	losech
instrumental	losem	losy

Further reading

• los in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• los in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lauss.

Adjective

los

1. loose

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German los.

Noun

los c (singular definite lossen, plural indefinite losser)

1. lynx

Inflection

Declension of los

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	los	lossen	losser	losserne
genitive	los'	lossens	lossers	lossernes

Etymology 3

Derived from verb losse, itself from Middle Low German lossen.

Noun

los n (singular definite losset, plural indefinite los)

1. kick

Inflection

Declension of los

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	los	losset	los	lossene
genitive	los'	lossets	los'	lossenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: los
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz. Cognate with Ripuarian Central Franconian loss, Luxembourgish lass, lues. Related with Dutch loos, the cognate of German los, lose, English loose.

Adjective

los (comparative losser, superlative meest los or lost)

1. loose

   De losse kleding zat comfortabel.

   The loose clothing was comfortable.

   Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en niet los zijn.

   Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and not loose.

   Het kind hield de ballon stevig vast zodat hij niet los zou vliegen.

   The child held the balloon tightly so that it wouldn't fly loose.

2. separate

Inflection

Inflection of los
uninflected	los
inflected	losse
comparative	losser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		los	losser	het lost het loste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	losse	lossere	loste
	n. sing.	los	losser	loste
	plural	losse	lossere	loste
definite		losse	lossere	loste
partitive		los	lossers	—

Derived terms

• loslaten
• losmaken
• lossen
• van God los

 

Descendants

• Berbice Creole Dutch: losi
• → Papiamentu: lòs, los

Verb

los

1. inflection of lossen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-Germanic *luhsuz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, to shine”) or from a substrate language.

Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old English lox, from a similar Germanic form also Swedish lodjur. Cognates outside Germanic include Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Lithuanian lūšis, Old Church Slavonic рꙑсь (rysĭ), Old Irish lug, Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʿ).

Noun

los m (plural lossen, diminutive losje n)

1. (dated) lynx (specifically the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx)

   Synonym: lynx

Alternative forms

• losch (obsolete)

Derived terms

• pardellos

Anagrams

• sol

Dutch Low Saxon

Etymology

From Middle Low German and Old Saxon lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, cognate with Dutch los and English loose.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɔs

Adjective

los

1. open

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French los, from Latin laus, probably via the nominative singular form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophones: lods (general), lot, lots (except regionally)

Noun

los m (plural los)

1. (obsolete) praise; acclaim

   Synonym: (modern) louange

Related terms

• louer

References

• “los”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːs/ (standard)
• IPA^(key): /lɔs/ (regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)

Etymology 1

From Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.

Adjective

los (strong nominative masculine singular loser, comparative loser, superlative am losesten)

1. (colloquial or dated) Alternative form of lose (“loose”)

Adverb

los (only used in combination with a verb)

1. off, rid of

   Ich bin meine Erkältung los. ― I've got rid of my cold.

2. going on

   Hier ist einiges los. ― There's a lot going on here.

   Was ist los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?

3. (colloquial, regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony) open

   Die Tür stand los. ― The door stood open.

Interjection

los

1. come on!, let's go!

   Los! An die Arbeit! ― Come on! Let's get to work!

2. (motor racing) Go!

Derived terms

• -los
• los sein
• losfahren
• losgehen
• loslassen
• loslegen
• loslösen
• losmachen
• losreißen
• loswerden

 

Related terms

• gelosen

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

los

1. singular imperative of losen

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɔs]
• Hyphenation: los

Etymology 1

Shortening from losmen (“hostel”).

Noun

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

1. hostel
2. longhouse

Etymology 2

From Dutch loods (“pilot”).

Noun

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

1. (navigation) pilot boat

Etymology 3

From Dutch los (“loose”).

Adjective

los

1. (colloquial) loose, free

   Synonyms: lepas, bebas

Further reading

• “los” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Pronoun

los

1. (accusative, dative) them, those

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los (singular el, feminine las)

1. the (masculine plural)

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French loche (dialectal).

Noun

los

1. slug

References

• Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987). Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *laus (“loose, free”).

Adjective

los

1. loose, free
2. free, not encumbered
3. having lost, robbed

Inflection

Adjective
		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	Indefinite	los	losse	los	losse
	Definite	losse		losse
Accusative	Indefinite	lossen	losse	los	losse
	Definite			losse
Genitive		loss	losser	loss	losser
Dative		lossen	losser	lossen	lossen

Descendants

• Dutch: los
• Limburgish: lósj

Further reading

• “los”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “los (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• lose, losse

Etymology

From Old English los.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/, /lɔːs/

Noun

los (uncountable)

1. loss

Descendants

• English: loss
• Scots: los, lose, lois
• Yola: lass, loss

References

• “lō̆s, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowing from Low German lots (short form of lotsman); compare with German Lotse.

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural loser, definite plural losene)

1. (nautical) a pilot (person who guides ships in and out of a harbour)

References

• “los” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural losar, definite plural losane)

1. Alternative spelling of lós

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Homophones: lòs, lås

Noun

los n (definite singular loset, indefinite plural los, definite plural losa)

1. Alternative spelling of lòs

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Article

los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)

1. the; masculine plural definite article

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lusą (“loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewHs- (“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate with Old Norse los (“looseness; breaking up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /los/

Noun

los n (nominative plural los)

1. loss
2. destruction

Declension

Declension of los (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	los	los
accusative	los	los
genitive	loses	losa
dative	lose	losum

Derived terms

• losian

Descendants

• Middle English: los, lose, losse
  • English: loss
  • Scots: los, lose, lois
  • Yola: lass, loss

Old French

Etymology

See the verb loer (“to laud”).

Noun

los oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural los)

1. glory; positive reputation

Descendants

• French: los

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laus, see also Old English lēas, Old Norse lauss.

Adjective

lōs

1. loose

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish los, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut. Doublet of lotto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

Noun

los m inan

1. fate
2. lottery ticket

   Synonym: kupon

Declension

Declension of los

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losy
genitive	losu	losów
dative	losowi	losom
accusative	los	losy
instrumental	losem	losami
locative	losie	losach
vocative	losie	losy

Derived terms

adjective

• losowy

 

verb

• losować

 

Further reading

• los in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• los in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /lus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /lus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /luʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /los/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /luʃ/

Pronoun

los

1. Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary

Scots

Alternative forms

• loz

Etymology

From Middle English losse, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with English los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Pronunciation

• (North Northern) IPA^(key): /los/

Noun

los (plural loses)

1. (obsolete, Middle Scots) lynx

References

• “los, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish los, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“to divide, to split”). Cognate with Welsh llost.

Noun

los m (genitive singular lois)

1. purpose, intention
2. control
3. (obsolete) tail, end

Derived terms

• a los (“in order to”)
• air los (“for the purpose of; in search of”)
• an los (“in the intention of; bent on”)
• d' aon los (“intentional”)
• fo los (“under the control of”)
• los-leathann (“beaver”)

 

Etymology 2

Shortening of a los.

Conjunction

los

1. in order to

Serbo-Croatian

Američki los se odmori u kišnom polju.

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lôs/

Noun

lȍs m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏с)

1. moose
2. elk

Declension

Declension of los

	singular	plural
nominative	lȍs	lȍsovi
genitive	losa	lòsōvā
dative	losu	losovima
accusative	losa	losove
vocative	lose	losovi
locative	losu	losovima
instrumental	losom	losovima

Further reading

• “los” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *olsь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lóːs/

Noun

lọ̑s m anim

1. elk, moose

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lós
gen. sing.	lósa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lós	lósa	lósi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lósa	lósov	lósov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lósu	lósoma	lósom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lósa	lósa	lóse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lósu	lósih	lósih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lósom	lósoma	lósi

Further reading

• “los”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /los/ [los]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: los

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Article

los m pl

1. the

   ¿Qué hacen los muchachos?

   What do the boys do?

Related terms

• el m
• la f
• las f pl
• lxs

 

Etymology 2

Pronoun

los

1. accusative of ellos and ustedes (when referring to more than one man); them, you all (formal)
2. plural masculine or neuter pronoun

   los que no hablan

   those who do not speak

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le, se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les, se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le, se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les, se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

Anagrams

• sol

Swedish

Noun

los

1. indefinite genitive singular of lo

Anagrams

• Sol, sol

White Hmong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɒ˩/

Verb

los

1. come, return (to one's home / to a place where one resides)

   Synonym: tuaj

Derived terms

• los nag

References

• Ernest E. Heimbach, White Hmong - English Dictionary (1979, SEAP Publications)

Zazaki

Etymology

Compare Armenian լոշ (loš).

Noun

los (genitive singular losi)

1. lavash