abandon
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /əˈbæn.dn̩/
- (Indian English) IPA(key): /əˈbæn.dən/
Audio (US) (file)
Etymology 1[edit]
- From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”),[1] from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus,[2] bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (compare English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.
- Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.
Verb[edit]
abandon (third-person singular simple present abandons, present participle abandoning, simple past and past participle abandoned)
- (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
- 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:
- […] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.
- (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
- 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly[1], volume 188, number 23, page 19:
- In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
- (transitive) To leave behind; to desert as in a ship or a position, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.][1]
- 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening[2], page 3:
- Hope was overthrown, and yet could not be abandoned.
- Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.
- (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16th century.][1]
- (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, act I, scene ii:
- Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
- (Can we date this quote?), Nicholas Udall, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- that he might […] abandon them from him
- (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18th century.][1]
- (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of abandon
infinitive | (to) abandon | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | abandon | abandoned | |
2nd-person singular | abandon, abandonest* | abandoned, abandonedst* | |
3rd-person singular | abandons, abandoneth* | abandoned | |
plural | abandon | ||
subjunctive | abandon | ||
imperative | abandon | — | |
participles | abandoning | abandoned | |
* Archaic or obsolete. |
Synonyms[edit]
- abdicate
- abjure
- blin
- cast aside
- cease
- cede
- deliver up
- depart from
- desert
- desist from
- discontinue
- dispense with
- drop
- forgo
- forlet
- forsake
- forswear
- give up
- jilt
- leave behind
- part with
- quit
- recant
- relinquish
- renounce
- repudiate
- resign
- retire
- retract
- run out on
- surrender
- vacate
- waive
- withdraw from
- withsake
- yield
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
to give up control of, surrender
|
|
to leave behind or desert; to forsake
|
|
to cast out, expel, reject
|
|
to no longer exercise a right, relinquish a claim to property
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Etymology 2[edit]
- From French, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.
Noun[edit]
abandon (countable and uncountable, plural abandons)
- A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.][1][3]
- 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:
- I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'
- 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times[3]:
- They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.
- (obsolete) abandonment; relinquishment.
Synonyms[edit]
- (giving up to impulses): wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint
Translations[edit]
a giving up to natural impulses
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 “abandon” in Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors, The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2002, →ISBN, page 2.
- ^ “abandon” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN, page 1.
- ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2.
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French (mettre) a bandon ("to deliver, place at someone's disposition", literally "to place in someone's power"). Gamillscheg suggests a derivation from a ban donner, but the Trésor de la langue française considers this unlikely, as the phrase is not attested.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon m (plural abandons)
- surrender
- abandonment
- (uncountable) complete neglect
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “abandon” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Friulian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
abandon m (plural abandons)
References[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French abandon.
Adverb[edit]
abandon
- (not comparable) Freely; entirely.
- 1330, Arthour and Merlin:
- His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.
- His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.
References[edit]
- “abandǒun (adv.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon n (plural abandonuri)
Declension[edit]
Declension of abandon
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) abandon | abandonul | (niște) abandonuri | abandonurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) abandon | abandonului | (unor) abandonuri | abandonurilor |
vocative | abandonule | abandonurilor |
Related terms[edit]
Categories:
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Frankish
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French countable nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian nouns
- Friulian masculine nouns
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns