abandon
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
- From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”),[1] from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus,[2] bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (compare English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.
- Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.
Verb[edit]
abandon (third-person singular simple present abandons, present participle abandoning, simple past and past participle abandoned)
- (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
- 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:
- […] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.
- (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
- 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly[2], volume 188, number 23, page 19:
- In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
- (transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.][1]
- 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening[3], page 3:
- Hope was overthrown, and yet could not be abandoned.
- Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.
- She abandoned her husband for a new man.
- (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16th century.][1]
- (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, act I, scene ii:
- Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
- (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18th century.][1]
- I hereby abandon my position as manager.
- (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | (to) abandon | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | abandon | abandoned | |
2nd-person singular | abandon, abandonest† | abandoned, abandonedst† | |
3rd-person singular | abandons, abandoneth† | abandoned | |
plural | abandon | ||
subjunctive | abandon | abandoned | |
imperative | abandon | — | |
participles | abandoning | abandoned |
Synonyms[edit]
- abdicate
- abjure
- blin
- cast aside
- cease
- cede
- deliver up
- depart from
- desert
- desist from
- discontinue
- dispense with
- drop
- forgo
- forlet
- forsake
- forswear
- give up
- jilt
- leave behind
- part with
- quit
- recant
- relinquish
- renounce
- repudiate
- resign
- retire
- retract
- run out on
- surrender
- vacate
- waive
- withdraw from
- withsake
- yield
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Etymology 2[edit]
- From French, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.
Noun[edit]
abandon (countable and uncountable, plural abandons)
- A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.][1][3]
- Synonyms: wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint
- 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:
- I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'
- 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times[4]:
- They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.
- (obsolete) abandonment; relinquishment.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abandon”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
- ^ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abandon”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 1.
- ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2.
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French (mettre) a bandon (“to deliver”, literally “to place in someone's power”). Gamillscheg suggests a derivation from Old French a ban donner, but the Trésor de la langue française considers this unlikely, as the phrase is not attested.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon m (plural abandons)
- surrender
- abandonment
- (uncountable) complete neglect
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Norwegian Bokmål: abandon
Further reading[edit]
- “abandon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
abandon m (plural abandons)
References[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French abandon.
Adverb[edit]
abandon (not comparable)
- Freely; entirely.
- 1330, Arthour and Merlin:
- His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.
- His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.
References[edit]
- “abandǒun, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French abandon (“surrender, abandonment”), from Old French mettre a bandon (“to deliver, place at someone's disposition”), last part from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command, summon, ban”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon m (definite singular abandonen, indefinite plural abandoner, definite plural abandonene)
- (law) the right to, under certain circumstances, waive ownership of an insured ship or cargo to the insurer and claim compensation for total loss
- (obsolete) indifference
- 1917, Ludvig Daae, Paul Botten Hansen, page 64:
- [Botten Hansen] skrev med saa stor abandon, at mere end een troskyldig læser indigneredes paa hans vegne
- [Botten Hansen] wrote with such great abandon that more than one innocent reader was indignant on his behalf
- 1992, Olaf Bull, Ild og skygger, page 101:
- den evige varme pludringen hos denne damen, med intelligente smaa «abandoner» i tanken, denne uendelige «bjerg- og dalbane» i tanken
- the eternal hot chatter of this lady, with intelligent little "abandons" in the tank, this endless "roller coaster" in the tank
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “abandon” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from French abandon.[1][2] First attested in 1830.[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon m inan
- (law, nautical) legal waiving of rights to one's ship that has lost trade value (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
- zgłoszenie abandonu ― registration of abandonment of one's ship
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abandon”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- ^ Tygodnik Petersburski[1], issue cz.2, nr 31, 1830, page 252
- Pęzik, Piotr; Przepiórkowski, A.; Bańko, M.; Górski, R.; Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine][5], Wydawnictwo PWN
Further reading[edit]
- abandon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- abandon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- abandon in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
abandon n (plural abandonuri)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) abandon | abandonul | (niște) abandonuri | abandonurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) abandon | abandonului | (unor) abandonuri | abandonurilor |
vocative | abandonule | abandonurilor |
Related terms[edit]
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Frankish
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- French terms derived from Old French
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/ɔ̃
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian nouns
- Friulian masculine nouns
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Frankish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɔŋ
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- nb:Law
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with obsolete senses
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations
- Polish terms borrowed from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/andɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/andɔn/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Law
- pl:Nautical
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish singularia tantum
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns