hazard

See also: Hazard

English

A throw of two dice, such as might occur in the game of hazard as a main of 9

Etymology

From Middle English hasard, from Old French hasart (“a game of dice”) (noun), hasarder (verb), probably from Arabic اَلزَّهْر‎ (az-zahr, “the dice”). Compare Spanish azar, Portuguese azar.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhæzɚd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhazəd/

Noun

hazard (countable and uncountable, plural hazards)

1. (historical) A game of chance played with dice, usually for monetary stakes; popular mainly from 14th c. to 19th c.
   • 2002, Beverley, Jo, Hazard, →ISBN:

     Anne found the gaming room where mostly older people were seated at card tables. She realized then that, of course, no one was playing hazard. Dice games were technically illegal, and certainly improper. Gambling was illegal, but no one paid attention to that. Most people were playing whist for penny points.

2. Chance. [from 16th c.]
   • c. 1597, Shakespeare, William, Richard III, act 5, scene 4:

     I will stand the hazard of the die.

   • 2006 May 20, Patterson, John, The Guardian:

     I see animated movies are now managing, by hazard or design, to reflect our contemporary reality more accurately than live-action movies.

3. The chance of suffering harm; danger, peril, risk of loss. [from 16th c.]

   He encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Rogers

     Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard.

   • 1599, Shakespeare, William, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar:

     Why, now, blow wind, swell billow, and swim bark! The storm is up and all is on the hazard.

   • 1749, Fielding, Henry, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

     He then launched forth into a panegyric on Allworthy's goodness; into the highest encomiums on his friendship; and concluded by saying, he should never forgive his brother for having put the place which he bore in that friendship to a hazard.

   • 2006, Black, Edwin, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎^[1]:

     If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the ever more expensive and then universally known killing hazards of gasoline cars:  […] .

   • 2009 December 27, Ellen, Barbara, The Guardian:

     Quite apart from the gruesome road hazards, snow is awful even when you don't have to travel.

4. An obstacle or other feature which causes risk or danger; originally in sports, and now applied more generally. [from 19th c.]

   The video game involves guiding a character on a skateboard past all kinds of hazards.

5. (in driving a vehicle) An obstacle or other feature that presents a risk or danger that justifies the driver in taking action to avoid it.
   • 2014, Neville Stanton et al., Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III, →ISBN:

     Risk behavior in driving consists in hazard detection, threat appraisal, action selection and implementation. Hazard perception tests often include the task to react quickly to hazards within traffic scenarios.

6. (golf) A sand or water obstacle on a golf course.
7. (billiards) The act of potting a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).
8. (obsolete) Anything that is hazarded or risked, such as a stake in gambling.
   • c. 1600, Shakespeare, William, The Merchant of Venice:

     But if you please
     To shoot another arrow that self way
     Which you did shoot the first, I do not doubt,
     As I will watch the aim, or to find both
     Or bring your latter hazard back again
     And thankfully rest debtor for the first.

9. (tennis) The side of the court into which the ball is served.
10. (programming) A problem with the instruction pipeline in CPU microarchitectures when the next instruction cannot execute in the following clock cycle, potentially leading to incorrect results.

Synonyms

• (chance): fortune, luck; see also Thesaurus:luck
• (chance of suffering harm): adventure
• (anything hazarded or risked): bet, pledge, skin in the game, wager

Hyponyms

• biohazard
• chemical hazard
• geohazard
• health hazard
• moral hazard
• occupational hazard

 

Derived terms

• biohazard
• geohazard
• haphazard
• hazardous
• multihazard

 

Translations

chance — see chance

the chance of suffering harm

• Bulgarian: риск (bg) m (risk)
• Catalan: risc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 危险 (zh)

• Dutch: toeval (nl)
• Finnish: uhka (fi), vaara (fi)
• French: hasard (fr) m
• German: Zufall (de) m

• Greek: τύχη (el) f (týchi)
• Ido: hazardo (io)
• Portuguese: risco (pt) m
• Romanian: hazard (ro) n, întâmplare (ro) f
• Russian: шанс (ru) m (šans), слу́чай (ru) m (slúčaj)
• Spanish: riesgo (es) m
• Turkish: risk (tr), riziko (tr)

peril

• Arabic: مُخَاطَرَة‎ f (muḵāṭara), مُغَامَرَة‎ f (muḡāmara)
• Armenian: վտանգ (hy) (vtang)
• Bulgarian: опасност (bg) f (opasnost)
• Catalan: perill (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 風險 (zh), 风险 (zh) (fēngxiǎn), 危險 (zh), 危险 (zh) (wēixiǎn)

• Czech: nebezpečí (cs), riziko (cs)
• Dutch: gevaar (nl)
• Finnish: vaara (fi)
• French: danger (fr) m
• German: Gefahr (de) f

• Greek: κίνδυνος (el) m (kíndynos), ρίσκο (el) n (rísko)

  Ancient: κίνδυνος m (kíndunos)

• Japanese: ハザード (ja) (hazādo), 危険 (ja) (きけん, kiken), リスク (ja) (risuku)
• Polish: niebezpieczeństwo (pl) n, ryzyko (pl) n
• Portuguese: perigo (pt) m
• Russian: опа́сность (ru) f (opásnostʹ), риск (ru) m (risk)
• Scottish Gaelic: cunnart m
• Spanish: peligro (es) m
• Turkish: tehlike (tr)
• Zazaki: tahlike

obstacle

• Finnish: vaara (fi)
• German: Hindernis (de) n
• Greek: εμπόδιο (el) n (empódio)

• Turkish: engel (tr), mani (tr) (law), mania (tr) (dated)
• Zazaki: mani

obstacle in golf

• Czech: překážka (cs) f
• Finnish: este (fi)

• French: hasard (fr)
• Russian: поме́ха (ru) f (poméxa)

Verb

hazard (third-person singular simple present hazards, present participle hazarding, simple past and past participle hazarded)

1. To expose to chance; to take a risk.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Clarke

     Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Fuller

     He hazards his neck to the halter.

2. To risk (something); to venture, to incur, or bring on.
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Errors
   • (Can we date this quote?) Landor

     They hazard to cut their feet.

   I'll hazard a guess.

Translations

to chance; to take a risk

• Bulgarian: рискувам (bg) (riskuvam)
• French: tenter (fr), hasarder (fr)
• German: riskieren (de), hasardieren (de)

• Greek: τολμώ (el) (tolmó), διακινδυνεύω (el) (diakindynévo)
• Spanish: arriesgar (es), peligrar (es), aventurar (es)
• Turkish: göze almak (tr), riske etmek

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Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Hasard, from Old French hasart.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦazart/

Noun

hazard m

1. gambling
2. risk, gamble

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	hazard	hazardy
genitive	hazardu	hazardů
dative	hazardu	hazardům
accusative	hazard	hazardy
vocative	hazarde	hazardy
locative	hazardu	hazardech
instrumental	hazardem	hazardy

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French

Noun

hazard m (plural hazards)

1. Archaic spelling of hasard, chiefly used before 1800

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Italian

Noun

hazard m (invariable)

1. hazard lights (on a vehicle)

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Middle French

Noun

hazard m (plural hazards)

1. hazard; obstacle

Descendants

• French: hasard

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxa.zart/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

hazard m inan

1. (singular only) gambling
2. (electronics) race condition

Declension

declension of hazard

	singular	plural
nominative	hazard	hazardy
genitive	hazardu	hazardów
dative	hazardowi	hazardom
accusative	hazard	hazardy
instrumental	hazardem	hazardami
locative	hazardzie	hazardach
vocative	hazardzie	hazardy

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǎzard/
• Hyphenation: ha‧zard

Noun

hàzard m (Cyrillic spelling ха̀зард)

1. gamble, gambling
2. risk, hazard

Declension

Declension of hazard

	singular	plural
nominative	hazard	hazardi
genitive	hazarda	hazarda
dative	hazardu	hazardima
accusative	hazard	hazarde
vocative	hazarde	hazardi
locative	hazardu	hazardima
instrumental	hazardom	hazardima