hazard

English

Wikipedia

Etymology

From Old French hasart (“a game of dice”) (noun), hasarder (verb), probably from Arabic الزّهر (az-zahr, “the dice”). Compare Spanish, Portuguese azar.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhazəd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

hazard (plural hazards)

1. (historical) A type of game played with dice. [from 14th c.]
2. Chance. [from 16th c.]
   • circa 1597, William Shakespeare, Richard III, act 5, scene 4:

     I will stand the hazard of the die.

   • 2006 May 20, John Patterson, The Guardian:

     I see animated movies are now managing, by hazard or design, to reflect our contemporary reality more accurately than live-action movies.

3. The chance of suffering harm; danger, peril, risk of loss. [from 16th c.]

   He encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Rogers:

     Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard.

   • 1599, Wm. Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar:

     Why, now, blow wind, swell billow, and swim bark! The storm is up and all is on the hazard.

   • 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, Internal Combustion^[1]:

     If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the ever more expensive and then universally known killing hazards of gasoline cars:  […] .

   • 2009 December 27, Barbara Ellen, The Guardian:

     Quite apart from the gruesome road hazards, snow is awful even when you don't have to travel.

4. An obstacle or other feature which causes risk or danger; originally in sports, and now applied more generally. [from 19th c.]

   The video game involves guiding a character on a skateboard past all kinds of hazards.

5. (golf) sand or water obstacle on a golf course
6. (billiards) The act of potting a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).
7. Anything that is hazarded or risked, such as a stake in gambling.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare:

     your latter hazard

Derived terms

Terms derived from hazard (noun)

biohazard chemical hazard haphazard

hazardous moral hazard

multihazard occupational hazard

Translations

chance

• Dutch: toeval (nl)
• French: hasard (fr) m
• German: Zufall (de) m
• Greek: τύχη (el) f (týchi)
• Ido: hazardo (io)

• Portuguese: risco (pt) m, azar (pt)
• Romanian: hazard (ro) n, întâmplare (ro) f
• Russian: шанс (ru) m (šans), случай (ru) m (slúčaj)
• Spanish: riesgo (es) m

peril

• Armenian: վտանգ (vtang)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 風險, 风险 (zh) (fēngxiǎn), 危險 (zh), 危险 (zh) (wēixiǎn)

• Czech: nebezpečí (cs), riziko (cs)
• Dutch: gevaar (nl)
• Finnish: vaara (fi)
• French: danger (fr) m

• German: Gefahr (de) f
• Greek: κίνδυνος (el) m (kíndynos), ρίσκο (el) n (rísko)
• Japanese: ハザード (ja) (hazādo), 危険 (ja) (きけん, kiken), リスク (ja) (risuku)
• Polish: niebezpieczeństwo (pl) n, ryzyko (pl) n
• Russian: опасность (ru) f (opásnostʹ), риск (ru) m (risk)
• Scottish Gaelic: cunnart m
• Spanish: peligro (es) m

obstacle

• Greek: εμπόδιο (el) n (empódio)

obstacle in golf

• Czech: překážka f
• French: hasard (fr)

• Russian: помеха (ru) f (poméxa)

Verb

hazard (third-person singular simple present hazards, present participle hazarding, simple past and past participle hazarded)

1. To expose to chance; to take a risk.

   I'll hazard a guess.

   • (Can we date this quote?) John Clarke

     Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Fuller

     He hazards his neck to the halter.

2. To risk (something); to venture to incur, or bring on.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare

     I hazarded the loss of whom I loved.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Landor

     They hazard to cut their feet.

Translations

to chance; to take a risk

• French: tenter (fr), hasarder (fr)
• Greek: τολμώ (el) (tolmó), διακινδυνεύω (el) (diakindynévo)

• Spanish: arriesgar (es), peligrar (es)

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Czech

Etymology

Borrowing from German, from Old French hasart.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦazart/

Noun

hazard m

1. gambling
2. risk, gamble

Declension

    declension of hazard

	singular	plural
nominative	hazard	hazardy
genitive	hazardu	hazardů
dative	hazardu	hazardům
accusative	hazard	hazardy
vocative	hazarde	hazardy
locative	hazardu	hazardech
instrumental	hazardem	hazardy

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French

Noun

hazard m (plural hazards)

1. Archaic spelling of hasard, chiefly used before 1800

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Italian

Noun

hazard m (invariable)

1. hazard lights (on a vehicle)

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Middle French

Noun

hazard m (plural hazards)

1. hazard; obstacle

Descendants

• French: hasard

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Polish

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

hazard (plural: hazards)

1. gambling

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǎzard/
• Hyphenation: ha‧zard

Noun

hàzard m (Cyrillic spelling ха̀зард)

1. gamble, gambling
2. risk, hazard

Declension

    declension of hazard

	singular	plural
nominative	hazard	hazardi
genitive	hazarda	hazarda
dative	hazardu	hazardima
accusative	hazard	hazarde
vocative	hazarde	hazardi
locative	hazardu	hazardima
instrumental	hazardom	hazardima