esos

See also: ésos, esős, and -esos

Asturian

Adjective

esos

masculine plural of esi

Ido

Verb

esos

future of esar

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeː.soːs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː.s̬os]

Participle

ēsōs

accusative masculine plural of ēsus

Marsian

Etymology

Related to Paelignian Aisis Marrucinian Aisos.^[1] According to the linguist Rex Wallace, if Venetic 𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌔 (aisus) is connected, then all of the Italic forms may be unified under a singular u-stem form. Wallace proposes that the Marsian term reflects earlier *aisowes with the syncopation of the final e and monophthongization of the *-ow-. In this scenario, the term would be interpreted as a nominative plural form.^[2]

Noun

esos (nominative plural)^[3]^[4]

gods

Usage notes

The word has also been interpreted as a dative/ablative plural, accusative plural o-stem, or a nominative plural o-stem form.^[2]

References

^ Conway, Robert Seymour (1897), The Italic Dialects‎^[1], volume II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 598
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Wallace, Rex Ervin (1984) The Sabellian Languages (Thesis)‎^[2], The Ohio State University, page 64
^ Clackson, James (11 November 2013), “Subgrouping in the Sabellian branch of Indo-European”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎^[3], volume 113, number 1, John Wiley & Sons, →DOI, →ISSN, page 18
^ Prósper, Blanca María; Medrano Duque, Marcos (2022), “Ancient Gaulish and British Divinities: Notes on the Reconstruction of Celtic Phonology and Morphology”, in Вопросы ономастики‎^[4], volume 19, number 2, Izdatelstvo Uralskogo Universiteta, →DOI, →ISSN, page 18 of 9-47

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin ipsōs, from ipse.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈesos/ [ˈe.sos]
Rhymes: -esos
Syllabification: e‧sos

Determiner

esos m pl

plural of ese; those

Pronoun

esos m pl

alternative spelling of ésos; those ones

Usage notes

The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.

Spanish personal pronouns
				Nominative	Disjunctive	Dative	Accusative	Comitative
First-person	Singular			yo	mí	me		conmigo
	Plural	Masculine¹		nosotros		nos		—
	Plural	Feminine		nosotras		nos		—
Second-person	Singular	Tuteo		tú	ti	te		contigo
		Voseo		vos	—	te
		Formal²	Masculine¹	usted		le, se³	lo
		Formal²	Feminine	usted		le, se³	la
	Plural	Familiar⁴	Masculine¹	vosotros		os
		Familiar⁴	Feminine	vosotras		os
		Formal/general²	Masculine¹	ustedes		les, se³	los
		Formal/general²	Feminine	ustedes		les, se³	las
Third-person	Singular	Masculine¹		él		le, se³	lo
		Feminine		ella			la
		Neuter		ello⁵			lo
	Plural	Masculine¹		ellos		les, se³	los
	Plural	Feminine		ellas		les, se³	las
	Reflexive			—	sí	se		consigo

Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g. se lo dije instead of *le lo dije).
Used primarily in Spain.
Only used in certain circumstances and rarely as a subject pronoun.

[1] Conway, Robert Seymour (1897), The Italic Dialects‎^[1], volume II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 598

[Wallace-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Wallace, Rex Ervin (1984) The Sabellian Languages (Thesis)‎^[2], The Ohio State University, page 64

[3] Clackson, James (11 November 2013), “Subgrouping in the Sabellian branch of Indo-European”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎^[3], volume 113, number 1, John Wiley & Sons, →DOI, →ISSN, page 18

[4] Prósper, Blanca María; Medrano Duque, Marcos (2022), “Ancient Gaulish and British Divinities: Notes on the Reconstruction of Celtic Phonology and Morphology”, in Вопросы ономастики‎^[4], volume 19, number 2, Izdatelstvo Uralskogo Universiteta, →DOI, →ISSN, page 18 of 9-47

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