ester
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛstə/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
- Homophone: Esther
Noun
[edit]ester (plural esters)
- (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
- 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
- To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
- 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, , page 1567:
- The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
- 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering[1], volume 118, number 12, page 60:
- The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
Derived terms
[edit]- acetylesterase
- aminoester
- carboxylesterase
- diester
- elastomultiester
- enamino ester
- esmolol
- esterase
- estergum
- esterification
- esterify
- esterize
- hemiester
- hydroxy ester
- iminoester
- interester
- isoester
- jojoba ester
- ketoester
- monoester
- nonester
- oligoester
- orthoester
- oxyester
- perester
- phosphite ester
- phosphoester
- polyesteramide
- polyphosphoester
- selenoester
- silicon ester
- thioester
- transesterification
- transesterify
- triester
Translations
[edit]
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Anagrams
[edit]- Reset, Steer, Trees, estre, re-est., reest, reset, retes, seter, steer, stere, teers, teres, terse, trees
Cornish
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester f (singulative estren)
Czech
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m inan
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ester”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “ester”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “ester” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)
- (organic chemistry) ester
Descendants
[edit]- → Indonesian: ester
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ester (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ester | estrid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | estri | ||
genitive | estrite | ||
partitive | estrit | estreid | |
illative | estrisse | estritesse estreisse | |
inessive | estris | estrites estreis | |
elative | estrist | estritest estreist | |
allative | estrile | estritele estreile | |
adessive | estril | estritel estreil | |
ablative | estrilt | estritelt estreilt | |
translative | estriks | estriteks estreiks | |
terminative | estrini | estriteni | |
essive | estrina | estritena | |
abessive | estrita | estriteta | |
comitative | estriga | estritega |
Further reading
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old French ester (given a spelling-pronunciation), from Classical Latin stāre (cf. the juridical Medieval Latin senses).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ester
Conjugation
[edit]Only used in the infinitive, present participle estant and past participle esté.
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m (plural esters)
Further reading
[edit]- “ester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]estêr (plural ester-ester, first-person possessive esterku, second-person possessive estermu, third-person possessive esternya)
Further reading
[edit]- “ester” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ladin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin exterus, from exter.
Adjective
[edit]ester m (feminine singular estera, masculine plural esters, feminine plural esteres)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]ester
- to be
Conjugation
[edit]- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | ester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | sian | |||
past participle | sté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | son | ies | é | son | seis | é |
imperfect | fove | foves | fova | fovan | fovais | fova |
future | saré | saras | sarà | saron | sareis | sarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sie | sies | sie | son | seis | sie |
imperfect | fosse | fosses | fossa | fossan | fossais | fossa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | sies | — | — | sede | — |
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English ēaster.
Noun
[edit]ester (plural esters)
- Easter (Christian holiday)
- c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints[2], London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:
- To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, edited by William Aldis Wright, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:
- Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- a. 1402, “De regione lodœœ”, in John Trevisa, transl., edited by Joseph Rawson Lumby, Polychronicon, page 111:
- Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
[edit]“ēster(n, n., MED14534.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m (definite singular esteren, indefinite plural estere, definite plural esterne)
Synonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ester
Usage notes
[edit]According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre".[1]
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ester | avoir esté, esteü | |||||
gerund | en estant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | esté, esteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estois | estas, estais | esta, estait | estons | estez | estont |
imperfect | estoie, esteie, estoe, esteve | estoies, esteies, estoes, esteves | estoit, esteit, estot, esteve | estiiens, estiens | estiiez, estiez | estoient, esteient, estoent, estevent | |
preterite | estui, estai | esteüs, estas | estut, esta | esteümes, estames | esteüstes, estastes | esturent, esterent | |
future | esterai | esteras | estera | esterons | esteroiz, estereiz, esterez | esteront | |
conditional | esteroie, estereie | esteroies, estereies | esteroit, estereit | esteriiens, esteriens | esteriiez, esteriez | esteroient, estereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estoise, estace | estoises, estaces | estoise, estoist, estace | estons | estez | estoisent, estacent |
imperfect | esteüsse, estasse | esteüsses, estasses | esteüst, estast | esteüssons, esteüssiens, estissons, estissiens | esteüssoiz, esteüssez, esteüssiez, estissoiz, estissez, estissiez | esteüssent, estassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esta | — | estons | estez | — |
Descendants
[edit](mainly blended into descendants of estre)
- Middle French: ester
References
[edit]Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m inan
Declension
[edit]Usually in the plural.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- ester in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ester in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester m (plural esteri)
Declension
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]ester c
- (organic chemistry) an ester
Declension
[edit]Declension of ester | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ester | estern | estrar | estrarna |
Genitive | esters | esterns | estrars | estrarnas |
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]ester
- indefinite plural of est
Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Internationalism borrowed from English ester.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɛsdɛr/, [ˈɛstɛr]
Noun
[edit]ester m (plural esterau)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛstə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɛstə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Organic compounds
- English terms with quotations
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish nouns
- Cornish feminine nouns
- kw:Mollusks
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- cs:Chemistry
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms derived from German
- da:Nationalities
- Dutch terms borrowed from German
- Dutch terms derived from German
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛstər
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Organic chemistry
- Estonian terms borrowed from German
- Estonian terms derived from German
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- et:Organic chemistry
- Estonian õpik-type nominals
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- fr:Law
- French terms with rare senses
- French terms with archaic senses
- French terms derived from German
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Organic chemistry
- French defective verbs
- Indonesian internationalisms
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from German
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/tər
- Rhymes:Indonesian/tər/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Organic chemistry
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Ladin terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Ladin verbs
- Ladin irregular verbs
- Ladin suppletive verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- nb:Nationalities
- Old French terms inherited from Late Latin
- Old French terms derived from Late Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with strong-u preterite
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Polish terms borrowed from German
- Polish terms derived from German
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛstɛr
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛstɛr/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Organic chemistry
- pl:Organic compounds
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Swedish terms borrowed from German
- Swedish terms derived from German
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Organic compounds
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish noun forms
- Welsh terms borrowed from English
- Welsh terms derived from English
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh nouns
- Welsh countable nouns
- Welsh masculine nouns
- cy:Organic compounds