essere
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See also: èssere
Contents
Italian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin *essere, from Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum (“I am”), from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“I am, I exist”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ˈɛs.se.re/, [ˈɛs̪s̪er̺e]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛssere
- Stress: èssere
- Hyphenation: es‧se‧re
Verb[edit]
essere
- (intransitive, indicating existence, identity, location, or state) to be, to stay
- (auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something); to be in the state of having (done something); See Category:Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary.
- (impersonal, of a duration of time since an event) to have passed
Usage notes[edit]
- The present participle essente is very rare, and is usually replaced with stante, the present participle of stare. Similarly the past participle essuto has disappeared, with stato, the past participle of stare, being used instead.[1]
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of essere
infinitive | essere | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | essere | gerund | essendo | |||
present participle | essente | past participle | stato | |||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | sono | sei | è | siamo | siete | sono |
imperfect | ero | eri | era | eravamo | eravate | erano |
past historic | fui | fosti | fu | fummo | foste | furono |
future | sarò | sarai | sarà | saremo | sarete | saranno |
conditional | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | sarei | saresti | sarebbe | saremmo | sareste | sarebbero |
subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
present | sia | sia | sia | siamo | siate | siano |
imperfect | fossi | fossi | fosse | fossimo | foste | fossero |
imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
sii, non essere | sia | siamo | siate | siano |
Synonyms[edit]
Noun[edit]
essere m (plural esseri)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Sardinian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin *essere, from Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum (“I am”), from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“I am, I exist”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
essere
- (intransitive) to be (to exist)
- Eo so su chi so ― I am who I am (literally, “I am that which I am”)
- (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
- Est in Tatari ― [He] is in Sassari
Noun[edit]
essere ? (please provide plural)
- being
- sos esseres umanos ― [the] human beings
Tarantino[edit]
Verb[edit]
essere
- (intransitive) to be
Usage notes[edit]
- Not used as an auxiliary verb.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of essere (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive | essere | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ? | past participle | ? | ||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ije | tu | jidde / jèdde | nuje | vuje | lóre | |
present | so' | sì, sìnde | jè, jé, éte | síme | síte | sò, sònde | |
imperfect | ére | ìre | ére, jéve | èreme | írene | èrene, jèvene | |
perfect | fuéve | fuìste | fu' | fuèmme | fuèsteve | fúrene | |
subjunctive | cu ije | cu tu | cu jidde / cu jèdde | cu nuje | cu vuje | cu lóre | |
present | sije | sía | sije | síme | síte | síene | |
imperfect | fòsse | fuèsse | fòsse | fòsseme | fuèsseve | fòssere | |
imperative | – | tu | jidde / jèdde | nuje | vuje | lóre | |
— | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Categories:
- Italian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian 3-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio links
- Italian lemmas
- Italian verbs
- Italian intransitive verbs
- Italian auxiliary verbs
- Italian impersonal verbs
- Italian irregular verbs
- Italian verbs with irregular past participles
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary
- Sardinian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian verbs
- Sardinian intransitive verbs
- Sardinian terms with usage examples
- Sardinian terms with the plural missing
- Sardinian nouns
- Tarantino lemmas
- Tarantino verbs
- Tarantino intransitive verbs
- Tarantino irregular verbs
- Tarantino suppletive verbs