dovere
Appearance
Italian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”). Cognate with Sicilian duviri.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]dovére (first-person singular present dèvo or dévo or dèbbo or débbo, first-person singular past historic dovétti or (traditional) dovètti or dovéi, past participle dovùto, first-person singular future dovrò, no imperative, auxiliary avére or (as an auxiliary, with main verbs taking essere) èssere)
- (transitive) to owe
- (auxiliary) to have to do something (must)
Usage notes
[edit]- As an auxiliary, dovere takes avere or essere, depending on the verb that follows it.
- All conditional forms, like dovrei, are translated as should.
- Dovrei esserci domani. ― I should be there tomorrow.
- Dovresti fare i compiti. ― You should do your homework.
- Non ti avremmo dovuto dire quelle cose. ― We should not have said those things to you.
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of dovére (-ere; irregular; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
| infinitive | dovére | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | avére, èssere1 | gerund | dovèndo | |||
| present participle | — | past participle | dovùto | |||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
| present | dèvo, dévo, dèbbo, débbo | dèvi, dévi | dève, déve | dobbiàmo | dovéte | dèvono, dévono, dèbbono, débbono |
| imperfect | dovévo | dovévi | dovéva | dovevàmo | dovevàte | dovévano |
| past historic | dovétti, dovètti2, dovéi | dovésti | dovétte, dovètte2, dové | dovémmo | dovéste | dovéttero, dovèttero2, dovérono |
| future | dovrò | dovrài | dovrà | dovrémo | dovréte | dovrànno |
| conditional | dovrèi | dovrésti | dovrèbbe, dovrébbe | dovrémmo | dovréste | dovrèbbero, dovrébbero |
| subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
| present | dèbba, débba | dèbba, débba | dèbba, débba | dobbiàmo | dobbiàte | dèbbano, débbano |
| imperfect | dovéssi | dovéssi | dovésse | dovéssimo | dovéste | dovéssero |
| imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
| — | — | — | — | — | ||
| negative imperative | — | — | — | — | — | |
1As an auxiliary, with main verbs taking essere.
2Traditional.
Including lesser-used forms:
Conjugation of dovére (-ere; irregular; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
1As an auxiliary, with main verbs taking essere.
2Archaic or poetic.
3Archaic, poetic or popular Tuscan.
4Archaic.
5Rare.
6Obsolete.
7Traditional.
8Uncommon.
Modern Roman Dialect (Spelling Pronunciation):
Conjugation of dovére (-ere; irregular; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
| infinitive | dovére | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | avére | gerund | dovèndo | |||
| present participle | dovènte | past participle | dovùto, doùto | |||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
| present | dévo, dó | déi, dì | dê, dé | dovémo, démo, dómo | dovéte, déte | dévono, dóno |
| imperfect | dovéo, dovô, dóvo, dô | dovéi, dovî, dóvi, dî | dovéa, dovâ, dóva, dâ | dovavàmo, dovàmo, dâmo | dovavàte, dovàte, dâte | dovéano, dovâno, dóvano, dâno |
| past historic | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| future | dovrò, dorò | dovrài, dorài | dovrà, dorà | dovrémo, dorémo | dovréte, doréte | dovrànno, dorànno |
| conditional | dovrè', dorè' | dovrésti, dorésti, dovréssi, doréssi | dovrébbe, dorébbe | dovrémmo, dorémmo | dovréste, doréste, dovrésse, dorésse | dovrébbero, dorébbero |
| subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
| present | débba | débba | débba | dovémo, démo, dómo, dobbiàmo | dovéte, déte, dobbiàte | débbano |
| imperfect | dovéssi | dovéssi | dovésse | dovéssimo | dovéste, dovésse | dovéssero |
| imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
| — | — | — | — | — | ||
| negative imperative | — | — | — | — | — | |
Noun
[edit]dovere m (plural doveri)
See also
[edit]Interjection
[edit]dovere
- Dismisses gratitude by clarifying one acted for one's duty rather than for kindness.
- Grazie! — Dovere.
- Thank you! — Just doing my job.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 3-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ere
- Rhymes:Italian/ere/3 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian verbs
- Italian verbs ending in -ere
- Italian irregular verbs
- Italian verbs with irregular present indicative
- Italian defective verbs
- Italian verbs with missing imperative
- Italian verbs with irregular future
- Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary
- Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary
- Italian transitive verbs
- Italian auxiliary verbs
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian verbs with irregular present subjunctive
- Italian verbs with irregular past historic
- Italian verbs with missing past historic
- Italian verbs with irregular imperfect indicative
- Italian verbs with irregular imperfect subjunctive
- Italian verbs with irregular conditional
- Italian verbs with irregular past participle
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- Italian interjections
