esteru
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɛsˈdɛrɨ/, [ɛsˈtɛrɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛsˈdeːrɨ/, /ɛsˈdɛrɨ/, [ɛsˈteːrɨ], [ɛsˈtɛrɨ]
Verb[edit]
esteru (first-person singular present esteraf)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | esteraf | esteri | estera | esterwn | esterwch | esterant | esterir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
esterwn | esterit | esterai | esterem | esterech | esterent | esterid | |
| preterite | esterais | esteraist | esterodd | esterasom | esterasoch | esterasant | esterwyd | |
| pluperfect | esteraswn | esterasit | esterasai | esterasem | esterasech | esterasent | esterasid, esteresid | |
| present subjunctive | esterwyf | esterych | estero | esterom | esteroch | esteront | esterer | |
| imperative | — | estera | estered | esterwn | esterwch | esterent | esterer | |
| verbal noun | esteru | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | esteredig esteradwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | estera i, esteraf i | esteri di | esterith o/e/hi, esteriff e/hi | esterwn ni | esterwch chi | esteran nhw |
| conditional | esterwn i, esterswn i | esteret ti, esterset ti | esterai fo/fe/hi, estersai fo/fe/hi | esteren ni, estersen ni | esterech chi, estersech chi | esteren nhw, estersen nhw |
| preterite | esterais i, esteres i | esteraist ti, esterest ti | esterodd o/e/hi | esteron ni | esteroch chi | esteron nhw |
| imperative | — | estera | — | — | esterwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms[edit]
- esteriad (“esterification”)
Mutation[edit]
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| esteru | unchanged | unchanged | hesteru |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading[edit]
- Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
- Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology[2] (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN