ge

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ge"

Languages (35)

Achang • Basque • Catalan • Cebuano • Dutch • East Central German • Emilian • Faroese • Ido • Indonesian • Japanese • Latin • Mandarin • Mapudungun • Middle English • Nupe • Occitan • Ojibwe • Old English • Old French • Old Spanish • Rawa • Romagnol • Scottish Gaelic • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swedish • Tagalog • Ternate • Turkish • Turkmen • Yoruba • Zaghawa

Page categories

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian гэ (gɛ).

Noun

ge (plural ges)

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Г / г.

Anagrams

EG, e.g., E&G, eg, e. g.

Achang

Pronunciation

(Myanmar) /ɡɛ˧/

Particle

ge

Quotation-marking particle, placed at the end of a quote.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡe/

Noun

ge inan

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Declension

Declension of ge (inan V-stem)
	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	ge	gea	geak	geok
ergative	gek	geak	geek	geok
dative	geri	geari	geei	geoi
genitive	geren	gearen	geen	geon
comitative	gerekin	gearekin	geekin	geokin
causative	gerengatik	gearengatik	geengatik	geongatik
benefactive	gerentzat	gearentzat	geentzat	geontzat
instrumental	gez	geaz	geez	geotaz
innesive	getan	gean	geetan	geotan
locative	getako	geko	geetako	geotako
allative	getara	gera	geetara	geotara
terminative	getaraino	geraino	geetaraino	geotaraino
directive	getarantz	gerantz	geetarantz	geotarantz
destinative	getarako	gerako	geetarako	geotarako
ablative	getatik	getik	geetatik	geotatik
partitive	gerik	—	—	—
prolative	getzat	—	—	—

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈʒe]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒe]
Rhymes: -e

Noun

ge f (plural ges)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Cebuano

Interjection

ge

(informal) short for sige

Dutch

Alternative forms

gij

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣə/
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

ge

(dialectal, colloquial) unstressed form of gij (“you”)
Da ge bedankt zeet da witte!
You know I'm thankful!

Usage notes

See usage notes at gij

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns
	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive⁵
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k¹	mij	me	mijn	m'n¹	mijne	me	mijner, mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie¹	hem	'm¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	hare	zich	harer, haars
3rd person neuter	het	't¹	het	't¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
3rd person gender-neutral⁸	hen	–	hen	–	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner, huns
plural	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze²	–	onze	ons	onzer, onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic or regiolectal⁶	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen³, hun⁴	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner, huns

¹⁾ Not as common in written language.
²⁾ Inflected as an adjective.
³⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
⁴⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
⁵⁾ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
⁶⁾ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").
⁷⁾ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
⁸⁾ Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term for non-binary individuals.

Anagrams

eg

East Central German

Etymology

Old High German io.

Adverb

ge

(Erzgebirgisch) ever
von ge har
ever since
(Erzgebirgisch) per
(Erzgebirgisch) the

Emilian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡe/
Hyphenation: ge

Alternative forms

Becomes g’ before a vowel (proclitic).

A g’andám edmān. ― We go there tomorrow.

La g’à parlê. ― She talked to them.

Becomes -eg when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).

J-eg vān edmān. ― They go there tomorrow. (imperative, singular)

J-eg dān da fêr. ― They give her trouble.

Becomes -g when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

A-g vag edmān. ― I’m going there tomorrow. (imperative, plural)

A-g pôrt di munjêgi. ― I bring him some apricots.

Etymology 1

From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.

Pronoun

ge (personal, dative case)

him, to him
Al ge xîva njînta.
He wasn’t saying anything to him.
her, to her
them, to them

Related terms

Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number	Person		disjunctive (tonic)	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct complement)	dative (indirect complement)	reflexive	comitative (with)
singular	first		mè	a	me			mêg
	second		tè	et	te			têg
	third	m	ló	al		ge	se	sêg
	third	f	lê	la		ge	se	sêg
plural	first	m	nuēter	a	se			nōsk
	first	f	nuētri	a	se			nōsk
	second	m	vuēter	a	ve			vōsk
	second	f	vuētri	a	ve			vōsk
	third	m	lôr	i		ge	se	sêg
	third	f	lôr	el	li	ge	se	sêg

Etymology 2

From Latin hīc (“here”). Cognate with Catalan hi, French y, Italian ci.

Pronoun

ge (adverbial, locative case)

here, in here
there, in there
Al ge màt dèinter dl’akwa.
He puts water in there.

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /keː/

Noun

ge n (genitive singular ges, plural ge)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Declension

n4	singular		plural
n4	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ge	geið	ge	geini
accusative	ge	geið	ge	geini
dative	ge, gei	genum	geum	geunum
genitive	ges	gesins	gea	geanna

Ido

Etymology

From g +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡe/, /ɡɛ/

Noun

ge (plural ge-i)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch gee.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡe/, [ɡe]

Noun

gé (plural ge-ge)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Synonyms

ji (Standard Malay)

Japanese

Romanization

ge

The hiragana syllable げ (ge) or the katakana syllable ゲ (ge) in Hepburn romanization.

Latin

Etymology

Derived from Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡeː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒɛː]

Noun

gē f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter G.

Coordinate terms

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

^ Geoffrey Sampson (1985), Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. →ISBN, page 109.

“ge”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[2]
“ge”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Mandarin

Romanization

ge (ge⁵ / ge⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄍㄜ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 個 / 个

Romanization

ge

nonstandard spelling of gē
nonstandard spelling of gé
nonstandard spelling of gě
nonstandard spelling of gè
nonstandard spelling of gê̄

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun

Noun

ge (Raguileo spelling)

(anatomy) eye
sight, the ability to see.

References

Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

ge

alternative form of ye (“you”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ge

alternative form of heo (“she”)

Nupe

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡē/

Verb

ge

to be good
U ge à ― It's not good

Derived terms

gige (“goodness; being good”)
ège (“goodness”)

Occitan

Noun

ge f (plural ges)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Ojibwe

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

ge

as for
also, too, and

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/ge-adv-conj

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

Cognates

Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.

Alternative forms

gī — Northumbrian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jeː/
Rhymes: -eː

Pronoun

ġē (West Saxon, Anglian)

you (plural): nominative plural of þū

Declension

Old English personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	first person		iċ	mē, mec	mē	mīn
	second person		þū	þē, þec	þē	þīn
	third person	neuter	hit		him	his
		masculine	hē	hine	him	his
		feminine	hēo	hīe	hire
dual	first person		wit	unc, uncit	unc	uncer
dual	second person		ġit	inc, incit	inc	incer
plural	first person		wē	ūs, ūsiċ	ūs	ūre, ūser
	second person		ġē	ēow, ēowiċ	ēow	ēower
	third person		hīe		him	heora

Descendants

Middle English: ye, yee, ȝe, ȝee, yeȝ, yhe, ȝhe, ge, iye, yie, ȝie, gie, hye, hie, ȝeo, geo
- English: ye, yee
- Middle Scots: ȝe
  - Scots: ye (archaic)
- Yola: ye

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *jahw, from *ja + *-hw.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /je/
Rhymes: -e

Conjunction

ġe

and; often doubled as ġe... ġe... ("both... and...")
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
  Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?
  If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?

Descendants

Middle English: gea, ȝe, ȝa, ȝi, ye

Old French

Pronoun

ge

alternative form of je

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin illī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʒe/

Pronoun

ge

to her, to it, or to him

Usage notes

Only used (instead of le) when combined with lo, la, los or las.

Descendants

Spanish: se

Rawa

Pronoun

ge

you

References

Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)

Romagnol

Noun

ge m or f (invariable)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish cía (“although”). Cognate with Irish cé.

Conjunction

ge

(dated) although

Synonyms

ged

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxe/ [ˈxe]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: ge

Etymology 1

Noun

ge f (plural ges)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Etymology 2

Latin illī; akin to Portuguese lhe, Italian gli.

Pronoun

ge

obsolete form of se (as a dative pronoun)

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Probably from Ewe gē (“belch”).^[1]

Verb

ge

to belch, to burp

References

^ Norval Smith (2009), “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 467.

Sumerian

Romanization

ge

romanization of 𒄀 (ge)

Swedish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-

Proto-Germanic *gebaną

Old Norse gefa

Old Swedish giva

Swedish giva

Swedish ge

From giva, from Old Swedish giva, from Old Norse gefa, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jeː/, [ˈjeːə]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eː

Verb

ge (present ger, preterite gav, supine gett, imperative ge)

to give
Synonym: giva (dated)
- 1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Book of Matthew, 25:42
  Ty iagh war hungrogh / och j gåffuen migh icke äta. Jagh war torstigh / och j gåffuen migh icke dricka.
  (pre-1906 spelling) Ty jag var hungrig, och I gåfven mig icke äta; jag var törstig, och I gåfven mig icke dricka.
  For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink.
(reflexive) to give up, to surrender, to quit
to give (to exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to yield)

Usage notes

The older full conjugation (giva, giver) is complete with present and past participles. The short conjugation (ge, ger) does not provide acceptable forms for participles (*geende, *gedd), but is now the preferred and dominating choice for other cases (ge, ger, gett).

Conjugation

Conjugation of ge (class 5 strong)
	active		passive
infinitive	ge		ges
supine	gett		getts
imperative	ge		—
imper. plural¹	gen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	ger	gav	ges	gavs
ind. plural¹	ge	gåvo	ges	gåvos
subjunctive²	ge	gåve	ges	gåves

present participle		givande
past participle		given

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Conjugation of *giva* (class 5 strong, older)
	active		passive
infinitive	giva		givas
supine	givit		givits
imperative	giv		—
imper. plural¹	given		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	giver	gav	givs, gives	gavs
ind. plural¹	giva	gåvo	givas	gåvos
subjunctive²	give	gåve	gives	gåves

present participle		givande
past participle		given

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Conjugation of *gifva* (class 5 strong, obsolete spelling, used before 1906)
	active		passive
infinitive	gifva		gifvas
supine	gifvit		gifvits
imperative	gif		—
imper. plural¹	gifven		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	gifver	gaf	gifs, gifves	gafs
ind. plural¹	gifva	gåfvo	gifvas	gåfvos
subjunctive²	gifve	gåfve	gifves	gåfves

present participle		gifvande
past participle		gifven

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

References

“ge”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
“ge”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
“ge”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

EG, eg.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈɡe/ [ˈɡɛ]
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: ge

Interjection

ge (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒ)

clipping of sige

Derived terms

gege

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish ge, the Spanish name of the letter G / g.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈhe/ [ˈhɛ]
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: ge

Noun

ge (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)

(historical) the name of the Latin script letter G/g, in the Abecedario
Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) dyi, (in the Abakada alphabet) ga

Alternative forms

he

Ternate

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡeː/

Determiner

ge

(distal) that, those
namo ge ― that chicken

Pronoun

ge

(demonstrative) this
ngori tomau ge ― I want that

ge foke ― that is a cockroach

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɟe/

Noun

ge (definite accusative geyi, plural geler)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Usage notes

Unlike ke, which also has a "hard" and "soft" variant, the pronunciation /gɑ/ virtually doesn't exist and /ɟe/ is universal.

Turkmen

Noun

ge (definite accusative geni, plural geler)

The name of the Latin script letter G/g.

Yoruba

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡé/

Verb

gé

(transitive) to cut something; especially using a tool
Synonym: ké
to segment into parts
mo gé e wẹ́lẹ́-wẹ́lẹ́ ― I segmented it into small pieces
(stative, intransitive) to become cut, snapped, or broken
Synonym: ké

Derived terms

ègé (“piece, segment, cutting”)
ìgé (“the act of slicing”)

Zaghawa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡɛ/

Verb

ge

sleep

References

Focus in an active agentive alignment system the case of Beria Saharan Angelika Jakobi

[1] Geoffrey Sampson (1985), Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. →ISBN, page 109.

[2] Norval Smith (2009), “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 467.

[1]

[1]

English

Etymology

Noun

Anagrams

Achang

Pronunciation

Particle

Further reading

Basque

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

See also

Catalan

Pronunciation

Noun

Cebuano

Interjection

Dutch

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Anagrams

East Central German

Etymology

Adverb

Further reading

Emilian

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Faroese

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

See also

Ido

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

See also

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Coordinate terms

References

Mandarin

Romanization

Romanization

Usage notes

Mapudungun

Noun

References

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Nupe

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Occitan

Noun