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hem

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "hem"
Languages (24)
Translingual • English
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Translingual

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Symbol

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hem

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Hemba.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia)

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hem

  1. Used to fill in the gap of a pause with a vocalized sound.

Noun

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hem (plural hems)

  1. An utterance or sound of the voice like "hem", often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.
    • January 8, 1712', John Dryden, The Spectator No. 269
      his morning hems

Verb

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hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

  1. To make the sound expressed by the word hem; to hesitate in speaking.
Derived terms
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Translations
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See also

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Etymology 2

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    From Middle English hem, hemm, in turn from Old English hem, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hammjan from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną. Related to Middle High German hemmen (“to hem in”), Old Norse hemja (“to hem in, restrain”); outside of Germanic, to Armenian քամել (kʻamel, “to press, wring”), Russian ком (kom, “lump”).

    The verb is from Middle English hemmen, from Old English hemman, from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną, or alternatively derived from the noun.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    A stitched hem
    Drawing of a sheet metal hem

    hem (plural hems)

    2. (sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.
    3. A rim or margin of something.
    4. In sheet metal design, a rim or edge folded back on itself to create a smooth edge and to increase strength or rigidity.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together

    Verb

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    hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

    2. (sewing, intransitive) To make a hem.
    3. (transitive) To put hem on an article of clothing, to edge or put a border on something.
    4. (transitive) To shut in, enclose, confine; to surround something or someone in a confining way.
      A small yard hemmed about by a tall hedge.
      • 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way:
        He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
        The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    to put hem on an article of clothing

    Etymology 3

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    From Middle English hem, from Old English heom (“them”, dative), originally a dative plural form but in Middle English coming to serve as an accusative plural as well. More at 'em.

    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. Obsolete form of 'em.
      • 1481, William Caxton, The Historie of Reynart the Foxe:
        And wente to the kinge and to the queene, and said to hem with a glad cheer.
      • 1485, William Caxton, Paris and Vienne:
        For eyther of hem mayntened.
      • 1591, John Florio, Second Frutes to be gathered of twelve trees, of diverse but delightful tastes to the tongues of Italian and English:
        ‘What thinke you of this English, tel me I pray you.’ ‘It is a language that wyl do you good in England but passe Dover, it is woorth nothing.’ ‘Is it not used then in other countreyes?’ ‘No sir, with whom wyl you that they speake?’ ‘With English marchants.’ ‘English marchantes, when they are out of England, it liketh hem not, and they doo not speake it.
      • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “May. Ægloga Quinta.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:
        Tho to the greene wood they speeden hem all.
      • 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
        Except we make hem such.
      • 1605 August (first performance), Geo[rge] Chapman, Ben Ionson, Ioh[n] Marston, Eastward Hoe. […], London: […] [George Eld] for William Aspley, published September 1605, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
        They go forth on Holydays and gather hem by the seashore.

    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    Bislama

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From English him. Cognate with Tok Pisin em.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈhem/
    • Hyphenation: hem

    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. he, she, it; him, her

    See also

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    Bislama personal pronouns
    singular dual trial plural
    1st person exclusive mi mitufala mitrifala mifala
    inclusive — yumitu, yumitufala yumitrifala yumi
    2nd person yu yutufala yutrifala yufala
    3rd person neutral hem, em tufala trifala ol1, olgeta
    collective2 — tugeta trigeta —
    1 Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb.
    2 The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own.
    Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns.

    References

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    • Terry Crowley (2004), Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46

    Catalan

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    Verb

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    hem

    1. first-person plural present indicative of haver

    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Dutch hem, from Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. him; third-person singular masculine objective personal pronoun
      Stuur dat maar naar hem. ― Send that to him.
    2. it (tagger in a game of tag)
      Tikkie, jij bent hem! ― Tag, you're it!

    Declension

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    Dutch personal pronouns
    subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
    singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
    1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
    2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
    2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
    2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
    3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
    3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
    3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
    3rd person gender-neutral8 hen – hen – hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
    plural full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
    1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
    2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
    2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
    2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
    3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns

    1) Not as common in written language.
    2) Inflected as an adjective.
    3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
    4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
    5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
    6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").
    7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
    8) Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term for non-binary individuals.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Javindo: gem
    • Jersey Dutch: häm
    • Negerhollands: em, am, an, ham, him, hem
      • → Virgin Islands Creole: ahm, am

    French

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    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    hem

    1. interjection expressing doubt and/or hesitation

    Further reading

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    Gagauz

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish هَمْ (häm), from Persian هم (ham).[1] Compare Turkish hem, Azerbaijani həm. Related to English same.

    Conjunction

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    hem

    1. and
      Synonym: -län
      İnsannar hem insannık
      people and humanity
      sän hem bän
      you and I
    2. (as hem... hem...) both... and...
      hem o hem bän
      both him and I
      hem ölä, hem bölä
      both like this and like that
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    Etymology 2

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    Adverb

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    hem

    1. alternative form of en

    References

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    1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “hem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

    Further reading

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    • N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “хем”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 518
    • Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “hem”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 79

    Hungarian

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    hem (plural hemek)

    1. (biochemistry) heme (component of hemoglobin)

    Declension

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    Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative hem hemek
    accusative hemet hemeket
    dative hemnek hemeknek
    instrumental hemmel hemekkel
    causal-final hemért hemekért
    translative hemmé hemekké
    terminative hemig hemekig
    essive-formal hemként hemekként
    essive-modal — —
    inessive hemben hemekben
    superessive hemen hemeken
    adessive hemnél hemeknél
    illative hembe hemekbe
    sublative hemre hemekre
    allative hemhez hemekhez
    elative hemből hemekből
    delative hemről hemekről
    ablative hemtől hemektől
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular     		hemé hemeké
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural     		heméi hemekéi
    Possessive forms of hem
    possessor single possession multiple possessions
    1st person sing. hemem hemjeim
    2nd person sing. hemed hemjeid
    3rd person sing. hemje hemjei
    1st person plural hemünk hemjeink
    2nd person plural hemetek hemjeitek
    3rd person plural hemjük hemjeik

    Derived terms

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    Icelandic

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old Norse hem, related to eimr (“vapor”).[1]

    Noun

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    hem n (genitive singular hems, nominative plural hem)

    1. thin layer of ice
      Synonym: skæni
    Declension
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    Declension of hem (neuter)
    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative hem hemið hem hemin
    accusative hem hemið hem hemin
    dative hemi heminu hemum hemunum
    genitive hems hemsins hema hemanna

    Etymology 2

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    Verb

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    hem(weak)

    1. first-person singular present indicative of hemja
    2. second-person singular imperative of hemja

    References

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    1. ^ Ferguson, R. (1873). The Dialect of Cumberland. United Kingdom: Williams and Norgate, p. 69

    Indonesian

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    Etymology 1

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    From Dutch hemd, from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    hèm (plural hem-hem)

    1. shirt, an article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms
      Synonym: kemeja

    Etymology 2

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    From English heme.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    hèm (plural hem-hem)

    1. (biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen

    Etymology 3

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    A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia).

    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    hêm

    1. used to express anger, furiousness, etc.

    Further reading

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    Latin

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    Etymology

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    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Almost certainly an ad-hoc natural exclamation (do any sources explicitly label it as such in terms of etymological studies?)”

    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    hem

    1. eh?, really?, well, well!, just look! (expressing surprise)
      • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 194:
        DĀVUS: Nōn hercle intellegō. SĪMŌ: Nōn? Hem? DĀVUS: Nōn — Dāvus sum, nōn Oedipus.
        DAVUS: By Hercules, I don’t know [what you’re talking about].
        SIMO: You don’t? Really?
        DAVUS: Nope — I’m Davus, not Oedipus.
        (The wily slave Davus acts as if his master Simo speaks in riddles: Oedipus famously solved the riddle of the sphinx.)
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    See also

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    References

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    • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

    Middle Dutch

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. accusative/dative of hi
    2. dative of het

    Etymology 2

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    From Old Dutch hin, from Proto-Germanic *himaz.

    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. accusative/dative of si (“they”)

    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.

    Pronoun

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    hem (nominative he)

    2. Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them
      • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.
        And smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
        And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
      • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
        And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      • c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament:
        He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    3. (reflexive) themselves
    Alternative forms
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    Descendants
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    See also
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    Middle English personal pronouns
    nominative accusative dative genitive possessive
    singular 1st person I, ich, ik me min
    mi1    		 min
    2nd person þou þe þin
    þi1    		 þin
    3rd person m he him
    hine2    		 him his his
    hisen
    f sche, heo hire
    heo     		hire hire
    hires, hiren
    n hit hit
    him2    		 his, hit —
    dual3 1st person wit unk unker
    2nd person ȝit inc inker
    plural 1st person we us, ous oure oure
    oures, ouren
    2nd person4 ye yow your your
    youres, youren
    3rd person inh. he hem
    he2    		 hem here here
    heres, heren
    bor. þei þem, þeim þeir þeir
    þeires, þeiren
    1 Used preconsonantally or before h.
    2 Early or dialectal.
    3 Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third person dual forms in Middle English.
    4 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd person singular.
    References
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    Etymology 2

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    From Old English hem. See English hem for more.

    Noun

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    hem

    1. hem (edge of cloth or garment)
    2. edge, boundary
    Alternative forms
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    Descendants
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    References

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    Etymology 3

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    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. alternative form of him (“him”)

    Northern Kurdish

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    Conjunction

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    hem

    1. and

    See also

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    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Verb

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    hem

    1. imperative of hemme

    Old Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

    Noun

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    hēm n

    1. home, house
    2. hamlet

    Inflection

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    Declension of hēm (neuter a-stem noun)
    case singular plural
    nominative hēm hēm
    accusative hēm hēm
    genitive hēmes hēmo
    dative hēme hēmon

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    • “hēm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    hem m

    1. hem, border

    References

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    Old Frisian

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈheːm/, [ˈhɛːm]

    Noun

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    hēm m

    1. alternative form of hām

    References

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    • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

    Pijin

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From English him.

    Pronoun

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    hem

    1. he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)
      • 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu‎[1], page 75:
        Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.
        After he finished his/her schooling, he went to be a minister at his/her church in 'Areo.

    See also

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    Pijin personal pronouns
    singular dual trial plural
    1st person exclusive mi mitufala mitrifala mifala
    inclusive iumitufala iumitrifala iumifala, iumi
    2nd person iu iutufala iutrifala iufala
    3rd person hem tufala trifala ol/olketa

    Portuguese

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    Interjection

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    hem?

    1. (dated) alternative spelling of hein

    Further reading

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    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from French hème.

    Noun

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    hem n (plural hemuri)

    1. heme

    Declension

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    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative-accusative hem hemul hemuri hemurile
    genitive-dative hem hemului hemuri hemurilor
    vocative hemule hemurilor

    Swedish

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    Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sv

    Etymology

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    From Old Norse heim < heimr, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    hem (not comparable)

    1. home (to one's home)
      Det är dags att åka hem
      It is time to go home
      Jag vill hem!
      I want to go home! [See ska for why there is åka (“go [with a conveyance]”), gå (“walk”), or the like (though "I want home!" also works in English here)]
    2. to someone's home (more generally); to someone's place / house / home, to [name of person]'s, etc.
      Vi åkte hem till henne
      We went to her house
      (literally, “We went [with a vehicle] home to her”)
      Vi var hem till henne igår
      We went to her house yesterday
      (literally, “We were home to her yesterday”)
      Ska vi gå hem till dig eller mig?
      Shall we go to your place or mine?
      (literally, “Shall we go home to you or me?”)
      • 1974, Lasse Tennander, “Ska vi gå hem till dig [Shall We Go to Your Place [home to you]]”, in Allting som ni gör kan jag göra bättre [Anything You Do, I Can Do Better [a cover album]]‎[2], performed by Magnus Uggla:
        Ska vi gå hem till dig eller hem till mig, eller var och en hem till sitt? Ska vi göra som dom andra och ägna oss åt varandra, eller ska var och en sköta sitt?
        Shall we go to your place [home to you] or to my place [home to me], or each one ["each and one" – idiomatic] home to theirs [nominalized – neuter gender is used when there is no concrete referent, like in impersonal constructions and here, as a rule of thumb]? Shall we do like the others and spend time on each other [engage in each other as an activity – doesn't have the connotations of "devote"], or shall each one mind [take care of] theirs [nominalized]?

    Noun

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    hem n

    1. a home; one's dwelling place, as in a house or a more general geographical place; the abiding place of the affections.
      Ens hem är där man bor
      One's home is where one lives
      Farmor har städat hemmet
      Grandma has cleaned her home
    2. a home; an institution
      Farmor har hamnat på hemmet
      Grandma has ended up at the care home

    Usage notes

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    The different senses are commonly distinguished by the use of i or på, like in the given usage examples.

    Declension

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    Declension of hem
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite hem hems
    definite hemmet hemmets
    plural indefinite hem hems
    definite hemmen hemmens

    Hyponyms

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Persian هم (ham). Doublet of homo-.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    hem

    1. and also

    Conjunction

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    hem … hem …

    1. both … and
      Synonym: hem … hem de …
      Hem bu hem şu. ― Both this one and that one.

    Welsh

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    Noun

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    hem

    1. h-prothesized form of em

    Mutation

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    Mutated forms of em
    radical soft nasal h-prothesis
    em unchanged unchanged hem

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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