hij
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Afrikaans[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
hij
- Obsolete spelling of hy
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz. Doublet of ie.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
hij
- Third-person singular, masculine, subjective: he.
- Hij loopt. ― He walks.
- De tafel is duur omdat hij van glas is gemaakt.
- The table is expensive because it is made of glass.
Usage notes[edit]
- When the word occurs other than as the first word of a clause and is not emphatically stressed, it is usually pronounced as /i/. This is a completely accepted pronunciation in standard speech.
- The word can also be used to refer to inanimate nouns of the feminine gender.
Inflection[edit]
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Descendants[edit]
Middle Dutch[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
hij
- Alternative spelling of hi
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
hij
- Alternative form of I (“I”)
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
hij
- Alternative form of he (“they”)
Categories:
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans pronouns
- Afrikaans obsolete forms
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch doublets
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯/1 syllable
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch pronouns
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch personal pronouns
- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch pronoun forms
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns