hy
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]hy
Afrikaans
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- hij (obsolete)
Etymology
[edit]From Dutch hij, from Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]hy (object hom, possessive sy)
- third-person singular subject pronoun
Synonyms
[edit]- (it): dit
See also
[edit]subjective | objective | possessive determiner | possessive pronoun | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st | ek | my | myne | ||
2nd | jy | jou | joune | |||
2nd, formal | u | u s’n | ||||
3rd, masc | hy | hom | sy | syne | ||
3rd, fem | sy | haar | hare | |||
3rd, neut | dit | sy | syne | |||
plural | 1st | ons | ons s’n | |||
2nd | julle / jul1 | julle s’n | ||||
3rd | hulle / hul1 | hulle s’n | ||||
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence. |
Canela
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Northern Jê *ˀcy (“seed”) < Proto-Cerrado *cym (“seed”) < Proto-Jê *cym (“seed”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]hy
- seed
- Hũmre ata amji mã ampeaj kam hãn ne ampo hy ata kre.
- That man quietly peacefully plants those seeds (without shouting or arguments).
- penis
- Synonym: jixôt
Cornish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]hy
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *eið, from *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): /i/
Determiner
[edit]hy
- (possessive) her, its (with reference to feminine nouns; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
- hy has hi
- her seeds
Pronoun
[edit]hy
- her, it (with reference to feminine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
- My vedn hy fe hei.
- I will pay her.
- Ny wonn hy hegi.
- I do not know how to cook it.
Usage notes
[edit]- Dual marking of possession is possible by adding hi/hei after the noun or verbal noun which hy precedes. Although originally a form of emphasis, in Late Cornish this structure had largely lost its emphatic meaning.
- In Late Cornish, masculine y and feminine hy had become homophonic with the pronunciation /i/.
Noun
[edit]hy
- Aspirate mutation of ky.
Demotic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]- (intransitive) to fall, to descend, to perish
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 270
- Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, pages 266, 267
- Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic[1], third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, pages 9, 78
- Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago[2], volume H (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 11
Egyptian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /hiː/
- Conventional anglicization: hy
Interjection
[edit] |
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit] |
m
- cry of joy
- c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 8–9:
- jw hy n rꜥ r r(ꜣ) ꜥꜣwj tꜣ hnw n.k srq ꜣḫw ꜥq.k sbꜣ n(j) wrt
- May there be cries of joy for Ra at the opening of the double doors of the earth, and acclaim for you who make the akh-spirits breathe when you enter the door of the Great (i.e. the afterworld).
Inflection
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]References
[edit]- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[3], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482.12-16, 483.1–483.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 157
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]hy
- Alternative form of heo (“she”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]hy
- Alternative form of he (“they”)
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse hý, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją, either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-, or a merger of the two. Compare English hue.
Noun
[edit]hy c (uncountable)
- skin, complexion ((appearance of) skin on the face)
Declension
[edit]Declension of hy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | hy | hyn | — | — |
Genitive | hys | hyns | — | — |
Derived terms
[edit]- -hyad (“-skinned”)
See also
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Welsh hy, from Proto-Brythonic *hɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *segos, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”).[1]
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz, Sanskrit सहस् (sáhas, “force, power, victory”), and Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, I own”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /hiː/
- Rhymes: -ɨː
Adjective
[edit]hy (feminine singular hy, plural hyfion, equative hyfed, comparative hyfach, superlative hyfaf, not mutable)
Derived terms
[edit]- hyder (“confidence”)
References
[edit]West Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian hī, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]hy
- he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)
Usage notes
[edit]The accusative him is used roughly like "himself" and "itself" in English. In these cases, it is used after a verb when there is another object in the sentence. For example:
- Dy partij stelt him op it stânpunt fan it federalisme.
- This party puts itself on the standpoint of federalism.
In other reflexive cases, the reflexively marked pronoun himsels is used.
The clitic form er is used before the object of the sentence or after the verb, if there is one. It is never the first word of a sentence.
- Doe't er in swolch naam
- When he took a swallow
Especially in narrative, er is used in the past tense.
Inflection
[edit]Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading
[edit]- “hy (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans pronouns
- Afrikaans terms with usage examples
- Canela terms inherited from Proto-Northern Jê
- Canela terms derived from Proto-Northern Jê
- Canela terms inherited from Proto-Cerrado
- Canela terms derived from Proto-Cerrado
- Canela terms inherited from Proto-Jê
- Canela terms derived from Proto-Jê
- Canela terms with IPA pronunciation
- Canela lemmas
- Canela nouns
- Canela terms with usage examples
- Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish pronouns
- Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish determiners
- Cornish terms with usage examples
- Cornish non-lemma forms
- Cornish mutated nouns
- Cornish aspirate-mutation forms
- Demotic terms inherited from Egyptian
- Demotic terms derived from Egyptian
- Demotic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Demotic lemmas
- Demotic nouns
- Demotic masculine nouns
- Demotic verbs
- Demotic intransitive verbs
- Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian lemmas
- Egyptian interjections
- Egyptian nouns
- Egyptian masculine nouns
- Egyptian terms with quotations
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/ɨː
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh adjectives
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- West Frisian terms with usage examples