my

See also: Appendix:Variations of "my"

Languages (23)

Afrikaans • Cameroon Pidgin • Chinese Pidgin English • Cornish • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Egyptian • Lower Sorbian • Manx • Middle English • Old Czech • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Scots • Silesian • Slovak • Swedish • Upper Sorbian • West Frisian

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Myanmar, formerly Burma, where Burmese is spoken.

Symbol

my

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Burmese.

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

my

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

ma, mah, me, muh, I's

Pronunciation

(stressed) enPR: mī IPA^(key): /maɪ/
- (Canada, Dialectal) IPA^(key): /mʌɪ/, [məi̯]
- Audio (US): (file)
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /maɪ/, /mə/
- (UK, Ottawa Valley) IPA^(key): /mɪ/, /mi/
(Ireland, Liverpool, some speakers) IPA^(key): /mi/
Homophones: muh, me (some dialects)
Rhymes: -aɪ

Etymology 1

From Middle English mi, my, apocopated form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.) (possessive of *ek (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *méynos (“my; mine”).

Cognate with West Frisian myn (“my”), Afrikaans my (“my”), Dutch mijn (“my”), German mein (“my”), Swedish min (“my”). More at me.

Determiner

my

First-person singular possessive determiner. See Appendix:Possessive#English.
1. Belonging to me.
  I can't find my book.
  - 2022 October 14, Justin Curto, “The 1975’s Matty Healy Prefers Writing Lyrics He’s Afraid Of”, in Vulture‎^[2], archived from the original on 18 October 2022:
    Everyone always asks what my advice is, and my advice is don’t overintellectualize your art.
2. Associated with me.
  My seat at the restaurant was uncomfortable.
  
  Don't you know my name?
  
  I recognised him because he had attended my school.
3. Related to me.
  My parents won't let me go out tonight.
  - 1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 10, lines 165-166:
    From what conſummate vertue I have choſe / This perfect Man, by merit call'd my Son,
4. In the possession of me.
  I have to take my books back to the library soon.

Derived terms

Related terms

mine

Descendants

→ Japanese: マイ (mai-)

Translations

belonging to me

Afrikaans: my (af)
Ainu: クコㇿ
Albanian: im (sq)
Altai:
Southern Altai: мениҥ (meniŋ)
Alutor: гымнин (ɣəmnin)
American Sign Language: FlatB@Chest-PalmBack
Arabic: ـِي (ar) (-ī) (suffix, enclitic pronoun)
Egyptian Arabic: ـي (-i) (after a consonant), ـيا (ya) (after a vowel)
Armenian: իմ (hy) (im)
Aromanian: njeu m, meu m, nja f, mea f
Assamese: মোৰ (mür)
Asturian: mio (ast), míu (ast) m, mía (ast) f
Azerbaijani: mənim
Bashkir: минең (meniñ)
Belarusian: мой (moj)
Bengali: আমার (bn) (amar)
Bikol:
Central Bikol: sako (bcl), sakuya (bcl) (before a noun); ko (bcl) (after a noun)
Brahui: kanna
Breton: ma (br)
Bulgarian: мой (bg) (moj)
Burmese: ကျွန်တော့် (kywantau.) (male speaker), ကျွန်မ (my) (kywanma.) (female speaker)
Catalan: meu (ca) m
Cebuano: aku
Chakma: 𑄟𑄧 (ma)
Chichewa: -anga
Chinese:
Cantonese: 我嘅 (yue) (ngo⁵ ge³), 我的 (yue) (ngo⁵ dik¹) (formal, written)

Mandarin: 我的 (zh) (wǒ de)
Chuvash: ман (man), манӑн (manăn)
Comorian:
Maore Comorian: -angu
Coptic: ⲡⲁ m (pa), ⲧⲁ f (ta), ⲛⲁ m pl or f pl (na)
Cornish: ow
Crimean Tatar: menim
Czech: můj (cs) m
Danish: min (da) c
Dutch: mijn (nl)
Dzongkha: ངའི (nga'i)
Egyptian:

(.j m),

(.j f),

(.j m or f)
Esperanto: mia (eo)
Estonian: minu, mu (et)
Faroese: mín
Finnish: minun ...ni, -ni (fi), minun (fi)
French: mon (fr) m, ma (fr) f, mes (fr) pl
Frisian:
North Frisian:
Föhr: man m

West Frisian: myn (fy)
Friulian: gno m
Fula: am
Galician: meu (gl) m, miña (gl) f, mi (gl) m or f (honorific)
Georgian: ჩემი (čemi)
German: mein (de) m
Greek: μου (el) (mou)
Ancient Greek: ἐμός (emós), μου (mou) (genitive personal pronoun)
Hawaiian: koʻu, kaʻu
Hebrew: שֶׁלִּי (shelí)
Hindi: मेरा (hi) (merā)
Hmong:
White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
Hungarian: -m (hu), -om (hu), -am (hu), -em (hu), -öm
Icelandic: minn (is)
Ido: mea (io)
Indonesian: saya (id)
Interlingua: mi
Irish: mo (ga) (before a consonant), m' (before a vowel)
Istriot: meîo m, mio m
Italian: mio (it) m, mia (it) f
Japanese: 私の (ja) (わたしの, watashi no), (male speaker) 僕の (ja) (ぼくの, boku no), 我が (ja) (わが, waga) (also written: 我 (ja))
Jeju: 나(이) (na(-i)), 내 (nae)
Kabuverdianu: nha
Kalmyk: мини (mini)
Kazakh: менің (meniŋ)
Khmer: របស់ខ្ញុំ (rɔbɑh kñom)
Korean: 나의 (naui), 내 (ko) (nae), 저의 (ko) (jeoui), 제 (ko) (je)
Kyrgyz: менин (ky) (menin)
Ladino: mi
Lao: ຂອງຂ້ອຍ (khǭng khǭi)
Latin: meus (la) m
Latvian: mans
Lithuanian: mano (lt)
Louisiana Creole: mô m, mâ f, mê pl
Low German: min (nds)
Lü: ᦃᦸᧂᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoangẋoay²)
Macedonian: мој (moj)
Malay: saya (ms)
Malayalam: എന്റെ (ml) (enṟe)
Maltese: tiegħi
Manchu: ᠮᡳᠨᡳ (mini)
Māori: tāku sg, āku pl (dominant), tōku sg, ōku pl (subordinate)
Mazanderani: مه (me)
Middle English: mi (before a consonant), min (before a vowel)
Mirandese: miu m
Mongolian: миний (mn) (minii)
Nahuatl: noca, no (nah)
Navajo: shi-
Nepali: मेरो m (mero)
Nheengatu: se
Norwegian: min (no) m
Occitan: meu (oc) m
Odia: ମୋର (or) (mora), ମୋ (or) (mo)
Ojibwe: nii-
Old Church Slavonic: мои (moi)
Old English: mīn
Old Tupi: xe
Persian: ـم (-am) (suffix), من (fa) (... man)
Pipil: nu-
Pitjantjatjara: ngayuku
Polish: mój (pl) m
Portuguese: meu (pt) m, minha (pt) f, meus (pt) m pl, minhas (pt) f pl
Quechua: (possessive suffix) -y
Réunion Creole French: mon
Romani: mirro m, mirri f, mirre pl
Romanian: meu (ro) m, mea f
Russian: мой (ru) m (moj), моя́ (ru) f (mojá), моё (ru) n (mojó), мои́ (ru) pl (moí)
Sanskrit: मम (sa) (mama)
Sardinian: meu m, miu m
Logudorese: meu m
Scots: ma
Scottish Gaelic: mo
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: мој

Latin: moj
Shor: меең
Sicilian: meu (scn) m, mìu m
Sinhalese: මගේ (magē)
Slovak: môj (sk)
Slovene: mój (sl)
Slovincian: mój
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: mój
Spanish: mi (es), mis (es) m pl or f pl
Old Spanish: mi
Swahili: -angu (sw)
Swedish: min (sv) c, mitt (sv) n
Tagalog: (after noun) ko (tl), (before noun) aking
Tajik: ... ман (tg) (... man)
Talysh: چمن (cəmən), (for all persons) اشتن (əštan)
Tamil: என் (ta) (eṉ)
Tarantino: mije
Tatar: минем (minem)
Telugu: నా (te) (nā), నా యొక్క (nā yokka)
Thai: ของ ผม (kɔ̌ɔng pǒm) (male speaker), ของ ดิฉัน (kɔ̌ɔng dì-chǎn) (female speaker), ของ ฉัน (kɔ̌ɔng chǎn) (generic, informal)
Tibetan: ངའི (nga'i)
Tlingit: ax̱
Tooro: -ange
Turkish: benim (tr)
Turkmen: meniň
Udmurt: мынам (mynam)
Ukrainian: мій (uk) (mij)
Urdu: میرا (merā)
Uzbek: mening (uz)
Vietnamese: của tôi, tôi (vi) (usually post-position)
Volapük: obik (vo)
Welsh: fy
Woiwurrung: ik (suffix)
Yagara: ariba
Yao (Africa): -angu
Yiddish: מײַן (mayn)
Yoruba: mi
Yup'ik: -qa/ka (sg), -gka (dual), -nka (pl.)
Zhuang: duh gou
Zulu: possessive concord + -mi

Etymology 2

From my, kept upon ellipsis of an oath such as my word or my God.

Interjection

my

Used to express surprise, shock or amazement.
My, what big teeth you have!

My, you’re a pretty one!

Derived terms

my my

Translations

interjection)

Japanese: まあ (ja) f (maa)

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /məi/

Etymology 1

From Dutch mij.

Pronoun

my (subject ek)

me (object)

Alternative forms

mij (obsolete)
mijn (obsolete, rare)

Etymology 2

From Dutch mijn.

Determiner

my

my; of me

Alternative forms

mij (obsolete)
mijn (obsolete)

Cameroon Pidgin

Alternative forms

ma

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ma/

Determiner

my

1st person singular possessive determiner

Chinese Pidgin English

Etymology

From English my.

Pronoun

my

I (subject pronoun)
Synonyms: I, me
- 1836 January, “Jargon spoken at Canton: how it originated and has grown into use; mode in which the Chinese learn English; examples of the language in common use between foreigners and Chinese”, in The Chinese Repository, volume IV, number 9, page 433:
  ‘My wanchee takee go away alla this cover, putee nother piece,’ replied I.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
me (object pronoun)
Synonym: me
my (possessive pronoun)

Cornish

Alternative forms

me (Revived Late Cornish)

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī. Cognate with Breton me, Irish mé, Manx mee, Scottish Gaelic mi, and Welsh mi.

Pronoun

my

I, me
My a welas.
I saw.

Mutation

Mutation of my
radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
my	vy	unchanged	unchanged	fy, vy*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech my, from Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈmɪ]
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

my

we

Declension

Declension of my (pl-only animate pronoun)

	plural
nominative	my
genitive	nás
dative	nám
accusative	nás
vocative	—
locative	nás
instrumental	námi, náma¹

¹When referring to dual nouns, e.g. oči, ruce.

Related terms

Czech personal pronouns
		singular	plural
1st person		já	my
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy
2nd person	polite	vy	vy
3rd person	m	on	oni¹
	f	ona	ony
	n	ono	ona
reflexive		sebe, se (clitic)

¹ animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

Danish

Noun

my n (singular definite myet, plural indefinite myer)

The Greek letter μ (mu)

Declension

Declension of my
neuter gender	singular		plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	my	myet	myer	myerne
genitive	mys	myets	myers	myernes

Noun

my c

micron
(informal) a very small margin, distance or amount

Synonyms

References

“my” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɛi̯/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛi̯
Homophone: mei

Pronoun

my

obsolete spelling of mij

Usage notes

The spelling my was deprecated in a Dutch spelling reform.

Egyptian

Etymology

From mj (“like”) +‎ -j (adverbializing suffix).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /miː/
- Conventional anglicization: my

Adverb

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 86.

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *nos.

Pronoun

my pl

we

Declension

Declension of the first-person pronouns
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ja	mej	my
genitive	mě (after preposition) mnjo	naju	nas
dative	mě (after preposition) mnjo	nama	nam
accusative	mě (after preposition) mnjo	naju	nas
instrumental	mnu	nama	nami
locative	mnjo	nama	nas
possessive determiner	mój	naju	naš

Manx

Etymology 1

From Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), see there for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mə/, /ma/^[1]

Conjunction

my

if

Usage notes

Counterfactual conditional questions take dy.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Irish mo (“my”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mə/

Determiner

my (triggers lenition)

my

References

^ Christopher Lewin (forthcoming), Sheean as Screeu, St John's: Culture Vannin, page 148

Middle English

Determiner

my (subjective pronoun I)

alternative form of mi

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *n̥smés

Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes

Proto-Slavic *my

Old Czech my

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *my.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈmɨ/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈmi/

Pronoun

my

we (first person plural)

Declension

Old Czech personal pronouns
Singular	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
Singular	1st person	2nd person	m	f	n	Reflexive
Nominative	já(z)	ty	on	ona	ono	—
Genitive	mne, mě	tebe, tě	j(e)ho, ň(e)ho	jie, nie	j(e)ho, ň(e)ho	sebe, sě
Dative	mně, mi	tobě, ti	j(e)mu, ňemu	jí, ní, jiej, niej	j(e)mu, ňemu	sobě, si
Accusative	mě, mne	tě, tebe	jej, jen, ji, j(e)ho, -ň, ňej, ňen, ni, ň(e)ho	ju, ňu	je, ňe	sě, sebe
Locative	mně	tobě	ňem	ní, niej	ňem	sobě
Instrumental	mnú	tobú, tebú	jím, ním	jú, ňú	jím, ním	sobú, sebú
Possessive	mój	tvój	jeho	(je)jie	jeho	svój

Dual	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
Dual	1st person	2nd person	m	f	n	Reflexive
Nominative	vě, va (ma)	vy	ona	oně		—
Genitive	najú	vajú	jú, ňú			sebe, sě
Dative	náma	váma	jima, nima			sobě, si
Accusative	ny, najú	vy, vajú	jě, ně	ji, ni		sě, sebe
Locative	najú	vajú	ňú			sobě
Instrumental	náma	váma	jima, nima			sobú, sebú
Possessive	náš, najú	váš, vajú	(je)jú			svój

Plural	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
Plural	1st person	2nd person	m	f	n	Reflexive
Nominative	my	vy	oni	ony	ona	—
Genitive	nás	vás	jich, nich			sebe, sě
Dative	nám, nem	vám, vem	jim, nim			sobě, si
Accusative	ny, nás	vy, vás	jě, ně			sě, sebe
Locative	nás	vás	nich			sobě
Instrumental	námi	vámi	jimi, nimi			sobú, sebú
Possessive	náš	váš	(je)jich			svój

Descendants

Czech: my

References

Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “my”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *n̥smés

Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes

Proto-Slavic *my

Old Polish my

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *my. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /mi/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /mi/

Pronoun

my

we; first person plural
we; I royal first person plural

Declension

Declension of my

	plural	dual
nominative	my	wa
genitive	nas	naju
dative	nam	nama
accusative	nas	wa
instrumental	nami	nama
locative	nas	naju

Descendants

Polish: my
Silesian: my

References

Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “my, ny (?)”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

my

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɘ/

(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /mɨ/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes: -ɘ
Syllabification: my

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *n̥smés

Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes

Proto-Slavic *my

Old Polish my

Polish my

Inherited from Old Polish my.

Pronoun

my

we; first person plural
we; I royal first person plural
we; I editorial first person plural

Declension

Declension of my

	plural
nominative	my
genitive	nas
dative	nam
accusative	nas
instrumental	nami
locative	nas
vocative	—

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Afroasiatic *maʔ-

Proto-Semitic *may-

Phoenician 𐤌‬𐤌 (m‬m‬)bor.

Ancient Greek μῦ (mû)lbor.

Polish my

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μῦ (mû).

Alternative forms

mi

Noun

my n (indeclinable)

mu (Greek letter Μ, μ)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), my is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 88 times in scientific texts, 30 times in news, 138 times in essays, 200 times in fiction, and 419 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 875 times, making it the 49th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References

^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “my”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 259

Portuguese

Pronoun

my

obsolete form of mim

Scots

Alternative forms

ma, me

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English mi, my, apocopated form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.) (possessive of *ek (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *méynos (“my; mine”).

Determiner

my

my
Synonym: mine

References

“my, possess. pron.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 23 May 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
“my, poss. adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 23 May 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *n̥smés

Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes

Proto-Slavic *my

Old Polish my

Silesian my

Inherited from Old Polish my.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɪ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɪ
Syllabification: my

Pronoun

my

first-person plural pronoun; we
Coordinate term: (singular) jŏ

Declension

Declension of my
	plural
nominative	my
genitive	nŏs, nas
dative	nōm, nam
accusative	nŏs, nas
instrumental	nami
locative	nŏs, nas

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *nos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mi/, [ˈmi]
Rhymes: -i
Audio (Bratislava): (file)

Pronoun

my

we

Declension

Declension of my
	plurale tantum
nominative	my
genitive	nás
dative	nám
accusative	nás
locative	nás
instrumental	nami

Related terms

Slovak personal pronouns
		substantive		possessive
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		ja	my	môj	náš
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy	tvoj	váš
2nd person	polite	vy		váš
3rd person	m	on	oni* / ony	jeho	ich
	f	ona		jej
	n	ono		jeho
reflexive		seba, sa (clitic)		svoj

* masculine animate only, ony otherwise

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmyː/
Rhymes: -yː

Noun

my n

The Greek letter μ (mu)

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.

Pronoun

my

we

Declension

Upper Sorbian personal pronouns
First person pronouns
	singular			dual		plural
nominative	ja			mój		my
genitive	mje (after preposition) mnje			naju		nas
dative	mi (after preposition) mni			namaj		nam
accusative	mje (after preposition) mnje			naju		nas
instrumental	mnu			namaj		nami
locative	mni			namaj		nas

Second person pronouns
	singular			dual		plural
nominative	ty			wój		wy
genitive	će (after preposition) tebje			waju		was
dative	ći (after preposition) tebi			wamaj		wam
accusative	će (after preposition) tebje			waju		was
instrumental	tobu			wamaj		wami
locative	tebi			wamaj		was

Third person pronouns
	masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	dual virile	dual nonvirile	plural virile	plural nonvirile
nominative	wón	wona	wono	wonaj	wonej	woni	wone
genitive	jeho (after preposition) njeho	jeje (after preposition) njeje	jeho (after preposition) njeho	jeju		jich (after preposition) nich
dative	jemu (after preposition) njemu	jej (after preposition) njej	jemu (after preposition) njemu	jimaj (after preposition) nimaj		jim (after preposition) nim
accusative	jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho	ju (after preposition) nju	jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje	jeju (after preposition) njeju	jej (after preposition) njej	jich (after preposition) nich	je (after preposition) nje
instrumental	nim	njej	nim	nimaj		nimi
locative	nim	njej	nim	nimaj		nich

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz.

Pronunciation

(Clay) IPA^(key): /mɛi̯/
(Wood) IPA^(key): /mi/

Pronoun

my

object of ik

[1] Christopher Lewin (forthcoming), Sheean as Screeu, St John's: Culture Vannin, page 148

[2] Ida Kurcz (1990), “my”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 259

[1]

[1]

			subjective	objective	possessive determiner	possessive pronoun
singular	1st		ek	my		myne
	2nd		jy	jou		joune
	2nd, formal		u			u s’n
	3rd	masc	hy	hom	sy	syne
		fem	sy	haar		hare
		neut	dit		sy	syne
plural	1st		ons			ons s’n
	2nd		julle / jul¹			julle s’n
	3rd		hulle / hul¹			hulle s’n

			subjective	objective	possessive determiner	possessive pronoun
singular	1st		ek	my		myne
	2nd		jy	jou		joune
	2nd, formal		u			u s’n
	3rd	masc	hy	hom	sy	syne
		fem	sy	haar		hare
		neut	dit		sy	syne
plural	1st		ons			ons s’n
	2nd		julle / jul¹			julle s’n
	3rd		hulle / hul¹			hulle s’n

number	person		independent (subject)	suffixed			infixed	possessive (dependent)
number	person		independent (subject)	enclitic	emphatic	reduced	infixed	possessive (dependent)
singular	first		my	vy	evy	ma, a	'm	ow^A
	second		ty	jy, sy¹	tejy	ta, a	'th^M	dha^S
	third²	m	ev	ev	eev	va, a	'n	y^S
	third²	f	hi	hi	hyhi	—	's	hy^A
plural	first		ni	ni	nyni		'gan, 'n	agan, 'gan
	second³		hwi	hwi	hwyhwi		'gas, 's	agas, 'gas
	third		i	i	ynsi		's	aga^A, 'ga^A

Translingual

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Cameroon Pidgin

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Chinese Pidgin English

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