(Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE)(in certain phonetic environments)IPA(key): /aʔ/; (usually) silent, but preserves root-final IPA(key): /t/ or IPA(key): /ɾ/ that would otherwise be lost
(latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE)(in certain phonetic environments)IPA(key): /aʔ/; (usually) silent, but preserves root-final IPA(key): /t/ or IPA(key): /ɾ/ that would otherwise be lost
This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.
When attached to a noun, it indicates the possessor of the noun.
When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates the subject of the verb.
When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates the subject of the verb.
When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates the object of the verb.
In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
When attached to a particle like jw or a parenthetic like ḫr, it indicates the subject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
When it follows a relative adjective such as ntj or ntt, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).
The first person singular suffix pronoun is often not written; particularly, it is regularly omitted in Old Egyptian. When it is written, it has a number of variants:
Further, it can optionally be varied to indicate the identity of the antecedent — a distinction which would not have been indicated in speech, e.g.:
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of .j
[Late Egyptian]
male human
female human
god
god or king
king
king
dead human
female human
In Late Egyptian, the presence of this pronoun results in the retention of final -t when the word it is attached to ends in this consonant; this is sometimes expressed by leaving the pronoun unwritten but adding