sn

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sn"

Translingual

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of English Shona.

Symbol

sn

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Shona.

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of English sine.

Symbol

sn

(mathematics) elliptic sine

English

Noun

sn

(Internet) Abbreviation of screenname.

Anagrams

n's, N/S, Ns, n.s., ns, N. S., N.S., 'ns, NS, N's

Abinomn

Noun

sn

(anatomy) liver

Demotic Egyptian

Etymology

From Egyptian

(sn).

Pronunciation

(Bohairic, Sahidic) IPA^(key): /son/
(Akhmimic, Fayyumic) IPA^(key): /san/

Noun

⁠ m

brother

Descendants

Coptic: ⲥⲟⲛ (son) (Sahidic, Bohairic), ⲥⲁⲛ (san) (Fayyumic, Akhmimic)

References

Erichsen, Wolja (1954), Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, pages 435–436

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Related to snwj (“two”). Compare with Migaama sin, Beja san and Blin shan.

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): (singular) /san/ → /san/ → /san/ → /san/^[1]

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): (plural) /saˈnuːwaw/ → /saˈnuːwaw/ → /səˈnuːwə/ → /səˈneːw/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: sen

Noun

m

brother
(by extension) any closely related male family member, such as a cousin, uncle, or nephew
male lover or suitor
husband
(usually in the plural) a person of equal status who belongs to the same group or shares common characteristics; fellow
coworker, colleague
one of two opposing disputants in court, litigant

Inflection

Declension of sn (masculine)
singular	sn
dual	snwj
plural	snw

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic Egyptian: ⁠ (sn)
- Coptic: ⲥⲟⲛ (son) (Sahidic, Bohairic), ⲥⲁⲛ (san) (Fayyumic, Akhmimic)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

pl

3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

they, them (see usage notes)

Usage notes

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .ṯn	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
	dual	.nj	.ṯnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn		.sn

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	w, wj, wy	kw, k, ṯw, ṯ	ṯm, ṯn	sw, s	s
	dual	—	ṯnj		snj
	plural	n	ṯn		sn

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ṯwt	ṯmt	swt	stt
	dual	—	—		ntsnj
	plural	—	ntṯn		ntsn, jntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kj, .k	.tj, .t		∅, .j	.tj, .t
	dual	—	.tjwn		.wy, .wj	.ty
	plural	.wn, .nw	.tjwn		∅, .w, .y, .wy	.tj, .t

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .t	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
	dual²	.nj	.ṯnj, .tnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn, .tn		.sn, .w³

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	wj, w	ṯw, tw	ṯn, tn	sw, st	sj, s, st
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	plural	n	ṯn, tn		sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ntk, ṯwt²	ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt²	ntf, swt²	nts, swt²
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	plural	jnn³	ntṯn, nttn		ntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kw	.tj, .t, .tw³		∅, .w	.tj, .t, .tw³
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	plural	.wn, .wjn	.tjwn, .tjwnj		∅, .w, .y

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	sj, st
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
² Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
³ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine

suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kw	.t	.f, .fj	.s, .st, .sw
suffix pronouns	plural	.n	.tn, .twn		.w, .sn¹

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	singular	wj	tw, tj		sw, st
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	plural	n, wn	twn		sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	mntk, mtwk	mntt, mtwy	mntf	mntst, mntjst
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	plural	jnn	mnttn		mntw

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings¹	singular	.kw, .k	.tj, .tw		∅, .w, .y	.tj, .tw
	plural	.nw	.tn		∅, .w, .y
	unmarked²	∅, .tw

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	st, sw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st, sw, swt

¹ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
² Later form.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sn

sn

Etymology 3

Compare with Hausa sansana (“to smell”).

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to kiss
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:
  
  jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k
  If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.
(transitive) to smell

Inflection

Conjugation of sn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: sn, geminated stem: snn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sn	snw, sn	snt	sn, j.sn	sn, j.sn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sn	ḥr sn	m sn	r sn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sn.n	snw, sn	consecutive	sn.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	sn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	snt
perfective³	sn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	sn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	sn, j.sn¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	sn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	sn	snn	potentialis¹	sn.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	sn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	sn, j.sn¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sn	snn, snnj⁶, sn², snw^{2 5}, sny^{2 5}
imperfective	j.sn¹, sn, sny, snw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.sn¹, j.snw^{1 5}, sn, snj⁶, sny⁶	sn, snw⁵
prospective	sn, sntj⁷	—	sntj⁴, snt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

snsn
sn-tꜣ

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 51.
Revez, J. (2003), “The Metaphorical Use of the Kinship Term sn ‘Brother’”, in Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, volume 40, pages 123–131

^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995), Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 46, 53, 55

Italian

Verb

sn

(text messaging, slang) abbreviation of sono

Swedish

Noun

sn c

abbreviation of socken (“parish”)
Piteå sn
parish of Piteå

Anagrams

n.s.

[Loprieno-1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995), Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 46, 53, 55

[1]