tn

See also: TN, .tn, t.n., ṯn, T.-N., and .ṯn

Egyptian

Adjective

 f sg proximal demonstrative adjective

1. this, that

Usage notes

This demonstrative was originally an adjective but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as an adjective it follows the noun it describes.

It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative tf, in which tn is proximal.

Inflection

Old and Middle Egyptian demonstratives

	adjectives				pronouns3	adverbs
number	singular		plural1		unmarked
gender	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal	pn	tn	jpn	jptn	nn	ꜥn2
distal	pf, pfꜣ	tf, tfꜣ	jpf	jptf	nf, nfꜣ	ꜥf2
proximal1 copula; vocative2	pj1, pw, pwy	tj1, tw, twy	jpw	jptw	nw	—
vocative1 anaphoric2	pꜣ	tꜣ	—	—	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ
1   In Old Egyptian. 2   In Middle Egyptian. 3   In Old Egyptian, these pronouns were unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns. In Middle Egyptian, they take over the function of the plural demonstrative adjectives and are joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.

Late Egyptian demonstratives

	masculine	feminine	plural		adverb
article	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ		dy
adjective and pronoun	pꜣj	tꜣj	nꜣj
possessive (used with suffix pronouns)	pꜣ, pꜣy	tꜣ, tꜣy	nꜣ, nꜣy

Pronoun

 pl, f sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

1. Variant spelling of ṯn

References

• Allen, James (2000) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-77483-7
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, ISBN 0-900416-32-7