Translingual [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
. + ISO 3166-1 country code for Kuwait , kw .
Abbreviation [ edit ]
.kw
The ccTLD for Kuwait as assigned by the IANA .
Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Pronoun [ edit ]
sg 1. stative ending
( Middle Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form ) I , me
Inflection [ edit ]
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kj 1
.ṯ , .ṯn
.f , .fj 1
.s , .sj 1
dual
.nj
.ṯnj
.snj
plural
.n
.ṯn
.sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns
singular
w , wj , wy
kw , k , ṯw , ṯ
ṯm , ṯn
sw , s
s
dual
—
ṯnj
snj
plural
n
ṯn
sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
ṯwt
ṯmt
swt
stt
dual
—
—
ntsnj
plural
—
ntṯn
ntsn , jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings
singular
.kj , .k
.tj , .t
∅ , .j
.tj , .t
dual
—
.tjwn
.wy , .wj
.ty
plural
.wn , .nw
∅ , .w , .y , .wy
.tj , .t
Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kj 1
.ṯ , .t
.f , .fj 1
.s , .sj 1
dual2
.nj
.ṯnj , .tnj
.snj
plural
.n
.ṯn , .tn
.sn , .w 3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns
singular
wj , w
ṯw , tw
ṯn , tn
sw , st
sj , s , st
plural
n
ṯn , tn
sn , st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
ntk , ṯwt 2
ntṯ , ntt , ṯwt 2
ntf , swt 2
nts , swt 2
plural
jnn 3
ntṯn , nttn
ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings
singular
.kw
.tj , .t , .tw 3
∅ , .w
.tj , .t , .tw 3
plural
.wn , .wjn
.tjwn , .tjwnj
∅ , .w , .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3
singular
tw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
sj , st
plural
tw.n
tw.tn
st
Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
Only in postclassical texts.
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kw
.t
.f , .fj
.s , .st , .sw
plural
.n
.tn , .twn
.w , .sn 1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1
singular
wj
tw , tj
sw , st
plural
n , wn
twtn
sn , st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
mntk , mtwk
mntt , mtwy
mntf
mntst , mntjst
plural
jnn
mnttn
mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1
singular
.kw , .k
.tj , .tw
∅ , .w , .y
.tj , .tw
plural
.n
.tn
∅ , .w , .y
unmarked (later)
∅ , .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns
singular
tw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
st , sw
plural
tw.n
tw.tn
st , sw , swst
Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of .kw
.k
.kj
.kjw
.kw
.kw
.kw
.kw
.kw
.k
[Old Egyptian]
[Old Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
[Middle Egyptian]
hapax , perhaps erroneous or transitional between .kj and .kw
with reed leaf as determinative
with reed leaf as determinative
Pronoun [ edit ]
m sg 2. suffix pronoun
Late Egyptian variant of .k ( “ you ” )
References [ edit ]
Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik , Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum
Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction , second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 52
^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 36