내

See also: 내- and -내

내	U+B0B4, 내 HANGUL SYLLABLE NAE

Composition:

ㄴ + ㅐ

← 낳
[U+B0B3]

Hangul Syllables

낵 →
[U+B0B5]

나 ←	→ 냐
내낵 낶 낷 낸 낹 낺 낻 낼 낽 낾 낿 냀 냁 냂 냃 냄 냅 냆 냇 냈 냉 냊 냋 냌 냍 냎 냏

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested as eighth-century Old Korean 川理 (*NAri); the Old Korean form is also given directly in Dongdong, an archaic poem in the 1493 collection Akhak gwebeom (樂學軌範 / 악학궤범), as 나리 (Yale: nali).

In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 냏〯 (Yale: nǎyh).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nāy

Noun

내 • (nae)

(now chiefly literary or poetic) stream, brook
Synonym: 개천(開川) (gaecheon)

내가 흐르다 ― nae-ga heureuda ― for a stream to flow
- 1955 (posthumous), 윤동주／尹東柱<t:Yun Dong-ju>, “새로운 길 [A New Road]”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 詩(시) [Sky, Wind, Stars, and Poetry]:
  내를 건너서 숲 으로 / 고개 를 넘어서 마을 로 / 어제 도 가고 오늘 도 갈 / 나 의 길 새로운 길
  nae-reul geonneoseo sup-euro / gogae-reul neomeoseo ma'eul-lo / eoje-do gago oneul-do gal / na-ui gil saeroun gil
  Crossing the stream and into the forest / Over the hill and into the village / The road I travelled yesterday and will travel today / The road will be forever new

Derived terms

냇가 (naetga)
냇내 (naennae)
냇둑 (naetduk)
냇모래 (naenmorae)
냇물 (naenmul)
냇바닥 (naetbadak)
냇바람 (naetbaram)
냇버들 (naetbeodeul)
냇자갈 (naetjagal)
냇줄기 (naetjulgi)
뒷내 (dwinnae)
시내 (sinae)
앞내 (amnae)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 내〮 (Yale: náy).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nay

Noun

내 • (nae)

smell, scent
Synonym: 냄새 (naemsae)

빵 에서 고소한 내가 풍긴다. ― Ppang-eseo goso-han nae-ga pungginda. ― From the bread a sweet scent is given off.

Usage notes

Typically used in compounds; 냄새 (naemsae) is more commonly used alone.

Derived terms

간내 (gannae)
갯내 (gaennae)
겻불내 (gyeotbullae)
고랑내 (gorangnae)
고린내 (gorinnae)
곰팡내 (gompangnae)
구린내 (gurinnae)
군내 (gunnae)
기름내 (gireumnae)
날내 (nallae)
냇내 (naennae)
노린내 (norinnae)
누린내 (nurinnae)
눋대 (nutdae)
단내 (dannae)
들내 (deullae)
땀내 (ttamnae)
땅내 (ttangnae)
똥내 (ttongnae)
뜬내 (tteunnae)
머릿내 (meorinnae)
먼지내 (meonjinae)
몸내 (momnae)
묵은내 (mugeunnae)
문내 (munnae)
문뱃내 (munbaennae)
밥내 (bamnae)
비린내 (birinnae)
살내 (sallae)
쇳내 (soennae)
숯내 (sunnae)
쉰내 (swinnae)
암내 (amnae)
오줌내 (ojumnae)
입내 (imnae)
자릿내 (jarinnae)
잡내 (jamnae)
젖내 (jeonnae)
좀내 (jomnae)
지린내 (jirinnae)
코린내 (korinnae)
쿠린내 (kurinnae)
탄내 (tannae)
풋내 (punnae)
피비린내 (pibirinnae)
흙내 (heungnae)

Etymology 3

From Middle Korean 내〮 (ná-y).

Equivalent to a contraction of 나 (na, “I; me”, plain first-person pronoun) +‎ -이 (-i, nominative particle). When the -가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 나 (na), producing this new allomorphy. This doubly nominative-marked form was first attested in the Ineo daebang (隣語大方 / 인어대방), a 1790 Korean–Japanese textbook (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 273).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nay

Pronoun

내 • (nae)

allomorph of 나 (na, plain first-person pronoun) before -가 (-ga, nominative suffix)
Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

Etymology 4

From Middle Korean 내 (này).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nay

Determiner

내 • (nae)

contraction of 나 의 (na-ui): my
Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

내 기억 이 맞다면 그 는 교사 였다. ― Nae gieog-i matdamyeon geu-neun gyosa-yeotda. ― If my memory serves me right, he was a teacher.
- 1974, Park Chung-hee, Caligraphy written on 20 May 1974:
  
  내 一(일)生(생) 祖(조)國(국)과 民(민)族(족)을 爲(위)하여
  nae ilsaeng joguk-gwa minjog-eul wihayeo
  [I] dedicate my entire life towards the motherland and the nation.

Etymology 5

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄂᆡ〮 (Yale: nóy).

Displaced by Sino-Korean 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi), as the general word for "smoke".

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nay

Noun

내 • (nae)

(now uncommon) smoke
Synonym: 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi)

내를 맡다/마시다 ― nae-reul matda/masida ― to inhale smoke
- 1991 September 1, “孫(손)悟(오)空(공)과 宇(우)宙(주)船(선)”, in Chosun Ilbo:
  그 회견 에서 내려다본 지구 의 모습 을 묻는 말 에 『마치 연기 에 가려진 것 처럼 내가 잔뜩 끼여 있다. 피나투보화산 의 폭발 때문 인 지 쿠웨이트 의 유전 연기 때문 인 지 는 알 수 없 지만 이제 까지 세 번 에 걸친 우주여행 에서 최악 의 흐린 전망 이 다』고 했다.
  Geu hoegyeon-eseo naeryeodabon jigu-ui moseub-eul munneun mar-e machi yeon'gi-e garyeojin geot-cheoreom nae-ga jantteuk kkiyeoitda. Pinatubo-hwasan-ui pokbal ttaemun-inji Kuweiteu-ui yujeon yeon'gi ttaemun-inji-neun al su eop-jiman ije-kkaji se-beon-e geolchin ujuyeohaeng-eseo choeag-ui heurin jeonmang-idago haetda.
  In the news conference, when asked about the view of Earth as seen from space, [Dr. Lucid] replied, "It was enveloped in an obscuring haze of smoke. I do not know if that is because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo or smoke from the Kuwaiti oil fields, but it is so far the worst view I had in all of my three missions."

Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 內.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nāy

Dependent noun

내 • (nae) (hanja 內)

inside (an area or space)
Synonym: 안 (an)

Antonym: 외(外) (oe)

사무실 내에서 는 흡연 금지 입니다. ― Samusil nae-eseo-neun heubyeon geumji-imnida. ― Smoking is forbidden in the office.
within (a certain time or limit)
Synonym: 안 (an)

Antonym: 외(外) (oe)

과제 는 금주 내로 제출해야 됩니다. ― Gwaje-neun geumju nae-ro jechul-haeya doemnida. ― The assignment must be submitted by the end of the week.

Derived terms

See the hanja entry at 內 for Sino-Korean compounds of 내 (內, nae).

Prefix

내— • (nae-) (hanja 內)

internal
Antonym: 외(外)- (oe-)

‎내(內)- (nae-) + ‎출혈(出血) (chulhyeol, “bleeding”) → ‎내출혈(內出血) (naechulhyeol, “internal bleeding”)

Etymology 7

First attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 내 (Yale: nay).

See -내 (-nae, “through, throughout”), the suffix form.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nae
McCune–Reischauer^?	nae
Yale Romanization^?	nāy

Adverb

내 • (nae)

through, throughout, all the time

Derived terms

내내 (naenae, reduplication)

Etymology 8

Pronoun

내 • (nae)

Gyeongsang form of 나 (na, “I, me”)
내한테 도라 ― nae-hante dora ― give it to me

Etymology 9

Reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

내 • (nae)

More information

內: inside; within
(eumhun reading: 안 내 (an nae))
(MC reading: 內 (MC nwojH))
乃: then; really, indeed; after all
(eumhun reading: 이에 내 (ie nae))
(MC reading: 乃 (MC nojX))
奈: but; how
(eumhun reading: 어찌 내 (eojji nae))
(MC reading: 奈 (MC najH))
耐: endure; resist; patient
(eumhun reading: 견딜 내 (gyeondil nae))
(MC reading: 耐 (MC nojH))

More information

來:
(MC reading: 來 (MC loj))