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U+C138, 세
HANGUL SYLLABLE SE
Composition: +

[U+C137]
Hangul Syllables
[U+C139]




서 ←→ 셔

Jeju

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Etymology

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Cognate with Korean (sae).

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /se/

Noun

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(se)

  1. (seamen's) east, east wind

Determiner

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(se)

  1. new

Korean

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Etymology 1

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First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 세〯 (Yale: sěy).

Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "three" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Three.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?se
Revised Romanization (translit.)?se
McCune–Reischauer?se
Yale Romanization?sēy
Korean numbers (edit)
30
 ←  2 3 4  → [a], [b], [c]
    Native isol.: (set)
    Native attr.: (se), (dated) (seok), (archaic) (seo)
    Sino-Korean: (sam)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae)

Numeral

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(se)

  1. (native numeral) three (before a noun or classifier)
    학생
    haksaeng se myeong
    three students
    비둘기 마리
    bidulgi se mari
    three pigeons
Usage notes
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In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 반(班) (se ban, three school classes, native numeral)
  • 반(班) (sam ban, Class Number Three, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나 주세 (hana-man deo juse-yo, Could you give me just one more, please, native numeral)
  • 더하기 ? (il deohagi ir-eun?, What's one plus one?, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Etymology 2

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Related to (hyeo).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?se
Revised Romanization (translit.)?se
McCune–Reischauer?se
Yale Romanization?sey

Noun

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(se)

  1. (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Hwanghae) Dialectal form of (hyeo, tongue)
    • 1982 January 8, 이상설 [isangseol], “오리정승의 국량 [orijeongseung'ui gungnyang]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]‎[1], 경기도 용인군 내사면 (현 용인시 처인구 양지면) [gyeonggido yong'in'gun naesamyeon (hyeon yong'insi cheoin'gu yangjimyeon)]:
      그래니까 오리정승 (이원익) 말씀 차더라 이거.
      Geurae-nikka orijeongseung (I Won-ik) malsseum-i se-reul se beon chadeora igeo-ya.
      So Prime Minister Ori (Yi Won-ik) clicked his tongue three times.

Etymology 3

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Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

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(se)