奈
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See also: 柰
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]奈 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 40901, composition ⿱大示)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893
- Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 532, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5948
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 奈 | |
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simp. # | 奈 | |
alternative forms | 柰 |
Glyph origin
[edit]A variant of 柰.
Etymology
[edit]- “how; why”
- Possibly a contraction of 若 (OC *nak) and 之 (OC *tə), as in 若之何 (ruòzhīhé) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 34).
- “nano-”
- Borrowed from English nano-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
- Eastern Min (BUC): nâi
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nài
- Wade–Giles: nai4
- Yale: nài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
- Palladius: най (naj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /naɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: noi6
- Yale: noih
- Cantonese Pinyin: noi6
- Guangdong Romanization: noi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔːi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: noi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdᵘɔi³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
- Hakka Romanization System: nai
- Hagfa Pinyim: nai4
- Sinological IPA: /nai̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɑi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
- Tâi-lô: ta
- Phofsit Daibuun: daf
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
- Tâi-lô: tāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: dai
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何);
- nāi - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nai6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: năi
- Sinological IPA (key): /nai³⁵/
- Middle Chinese: najH, naH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤa[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*naːls/, /*naːds/
Definitions
[edit]奈
- how; why (used in rhetorical questions)
- to bear; to stand; to endure
- [from 1985] (Taiwan) nano- (SI unit prefix)
See also
[edit]SI prefix | ||
---|---|---|
Last | Next | |
微 (wēi) | 奈/納 | 皮 (pí) |
Compounds
[edit]- 不奈
- 不奈何
- 不奈煩/不奈烦
- 不寧奈/不宁奈
- 可奈
- 叵奈
- 基奈
- 奈上祝下
- 奈何 (nàihé)
- 奈何橋/奈何桥 (nàihéqiáo)
- 奈升
- 奈及利亞/奈及利亚 (Nàijílìyà)
- 奈向
- 奈守
- 奈曼
- 奈洛比 (Nàiluòbǐ)
- 奈煩/奈烦 (nàifán)
- 奈秒
- 奈米 (nàimǐ)
- 奈良 (Nàiliáng)
- 奈良時代/奈良时代
- 如之奈何 (rú zhī nàihé)
- 寧奈/宁奈
- 尀奈
- 山奈
- 山奈鉀/山奈钾
- 康奈爾/康奈尔
- 康奈爾大學/康奈尔大学
- 怎奈
- 末奈何
- 欽奈/钦奈 (Qīnnài)
- 沒及奈何/没及奈何
- 沒奈何/没奈何 (mònàihé)
- 沒極奈何/没极奈何
- 沒計奈何/没计奈何
- 澀奈/涩奈
- 無可奈何/无可奈何 (wúkěnàihé)
- 無奈/无奈 (wúnài)
- 無奈我何/无奈我何
- 無如奈何/无如奈何
- 無計奈何/无计奈何
- 爭奈/争奈
- 神奈川縣/神奈川县
- 萬般無奈/万般无奈
- 莫可奈何
- 葛林奈爾/葛林奈尔
- 葛林奈爾大學/葛林奈尔大学
- 蘇爾奈/苏尔奈 (sū'ěrnài)
- 西奈 (Xīnài)
- 西奈半島/西奈半岛 (Xīnài Bàndǎo)
- 西奈協定/西奈协定
- 西奈山
- 頗奈/颇奈
- 香奈兒/香奈儿
References
[edit]- “奈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]奈
- Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
- what
- (obsolete) apple tree
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: な (na, Jōyō)、ない (nai)
- Kan-on: だ (da)、だい (dai)
- Kun: いかん (ikan, 奈)、いかんせん (ikansen, 奈)、いかんぞ (ikanzo, 奈)、からなし (karanashi, 奈)
- Nanori: なに (nani)、なん (nan)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
奈 |
Grade: 4 |
Alternative spelling |
---|
柰 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
奈 |
Grade: 4 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- Alternative form of 奈何 (“what”)
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 奈 (MC najH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 냉〮 (Yale: náy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 내 (nay)訓 (Yale: nay) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [내/네]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 奈 (MC naH).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [나]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading な
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ない
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading だ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading だい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いかん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いかんせん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いかんぞ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading からなし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なに
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なん
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