奈

See also: 柰

Translingual

Etymology

A variant of 柰.

Han character

奈 (radical 37 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 4090₁, composition ⿱大示)

Derived characters

• 捺

Descendants

• な
• ナ

References

• KangXi: page 251, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893
• Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 532, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5948

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		奈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nài (nai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): noi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
• Min Nan (POJ): nāi / ta / tai / tā

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: nài
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
    • Wade-Giles: nai⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
    • IPA ^(key): /naɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: noi⁶
    • Yale: noih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: noi⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /nɔːi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
    • Hakka Romanization System: nai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nai⁴
    • IPA: /na̯i⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tai
    • Tâi-lô: tai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: day
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taɪ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tā
    • Tâi-lô: tā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: da
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ta⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
    • Tâi-lô: nāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nai
    • IPA (Taipei): /naɪ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /naɪ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
    • Tâi-lô: ta
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ta⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ta⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
    • Note: nāi - literary; ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何).

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• Middle Chinese: /nɑi^H/, /nɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	奴帶切	奴箇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/najH/	/naH/
Li Rong	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Wang Li	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nài	nuò

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*nˤa[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*naːls/, /*naːds/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nài
Middle Chinese	‹ najH ›
Old Chinese	/*nˤa[t]-s/
English	cope with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9349	9350
Phonetic component	奈	奈
Rime group	歌	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	奈	柰
Old Chinese	/*naːls/	/*naːds/

Definitions

奈

1. how, why (used in rhetorical questions)
2. bear, stand, endure
3. The SI unit prefix nano-

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Japanese

Kanji

奈

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
2. what
3. (obsolete) apple tree

Readings

• Goon: な (na), ない (nai)
• Kan’on: だ (da), だい (dai)
• Kun: いかん (ikan), からなし (karanashi)

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Korean

Hanja

奈 • ‎(nae, na) (hangeul 내, 나, revised nae, na, McCune-Reischauer nae, na)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Old Japanese

Alternative forms

• 魚

Noun

奈 ‎(na) ‎(kana な)

1. fish
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869)

     多良志比賣 可尾能美許等能 奈都良須等 美多々志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉

     足姫　神の命の　魚釣らすと　み立たしせりし　石を誰れ見き

     たらしひめ　かみのみことの　なつらすと　みたたしせりし　いしをたれみき

     tarashi hime kami no mikoto no na tsurasu to mi-tatashi serishi ishi wo tare miki

     who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish belonging to the empress?

Descendants

• Japanese: 魚 ‎(na)

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Vietnamese

Han character

奈 (nại, nhự)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.