هم

See also: ہم‎

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /hum/
Audio (file)

Pronoun[edit]

هُمْ • (hum) m pl (enclitic form ـهُم or ـهِم)

they (masculine plural subject pronoun)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /hum/
IPA^(key): /him/

Pronoun[edit]

ـهُمْ or ـهِمْ • (-hum or -him) m pl (enclitic form of هُم‎ (hum))

them, their (masculine plural bound object pronoun)

Etymology 3[edit]

From the root ه م م‎ (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ham.ma/

Verb[edit]

هَمَّ • (hamma) I, non-past يَهُمُّ‎‎ (yahummu)

to disquiet, to make uneasy, to distress
to grieve
to preoccupy, to concern, to affect
to be of interest
to plan, to be about to, to start doing, to become determined [+ بِ‎ (object)]
‏هَمُّوا بِٱلْفِرَارِ‎
hammū bi-l-firāri
They started running away.

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of

هَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns هَمّ or مَهَمَّة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					هَمّ or مَهَمَّة‎ hamm or mahamma
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					هَامّ‎ hāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَهْمُوم‎ mahmūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هَمَمْتُ‎ hamamtu	هَمَمْتَ‎ hamamta	هَمَّ hamma	هَمَمْتُمَا‎ hamamtumā	هَمَّا‎ hammā	هَمَمْنَا‎ hamamnā	هَمَمْتُمْ‎ hamamtum	هَمُّوا‎ hammū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هَمَمْتُ‎ hamamtu	هَمَمْتِ‎ hamamti	هَمَّتْ‎ hammat	هَمَمْتُمَا‎ hamamtumā	هَمَّتَا‎ hammatā	هَمَمْنَا‎ hamamnā	هَمَمْتُنَّ‎ hamamtunna	هَمَمْنَ‎ hamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَهُمُّ‎ ʔahummu	تَهُمُّ‎ tahummu	يَهُمُّ‎ yahummu	تَهُمَّانِ‎ tahummāni	يَهُمَّانِ‎ yahummāni	نَهُمُّ‎ nahummu	تَهُمُّونَ‎ tahummūna	يَهُمُّونَ‎ yahummūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَهُمُّ‎ ʔahummu	تَهُمِّينَ‎ tahummīna	تَهُمُّ‎ tahummu	تَهُمَّانِ‎ tahummāni	تَهُمَّانِ‎ tahummāni	نَهُمُّ‎ nahummu	تَهْمُمْنَ‎ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ‎ yahmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَهُمَّ‎ ʔahumma	تَهُمَّ‎ tahumma	يَهُمَّ‎ yahumma	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā	يَهُمَّا‎ yahummā	نَهُمَّ‎ nahumma	تَهُمُّوا‎ tahummū	يَهُمُّوا‎ yahummū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَهُمَّ‎ ʔahumma	تَهُمِّي‎ tahummī	تَهُمَّ‎ tahumma	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā	نَهُمَّ‎ nahumma	تَهْمُمْنَ‎ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ‎ yahmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَهُمَّ‎ or أَهُمِّ‎ or أَهْمُمْ‎ ʔahumma or ʔahummi or ʔahmum	تَهُمَّ‎ or تَهُمِّ‎ or تَهْمُمْ‎ tahumma or tahummi or tahmum	يَهُمَّ‎ or يَهُمِّ‎ or يَهْمُمْ‎ yahumma or yahummi or yahmum	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā	يَهُمَّا‎ yahummā	نَهُمَّ‎ or نَهُمِّ‎ or نَهْمُمْ‎ nahumma or nahummi or nahmum	تَهُمُّوا‎ tahummū	يَهُمُّوا‎ yahummū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَهُمِّي‎ tahummī	تَهُمَّ‎ or تَهُمِّ‎ or تَهْمُمْ‎ tahumma or tahummi or tahmum	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā	تَهُمَّا‎ tahummā		تَهْمُمْنَ‎ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ‎ yahmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		هُمَّ or هُمِّ or اُهْمُمْ‎ humma or hummi or uhmum		هُمَّا‎ hummā			هُمُّوا‎ hummū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		هُمِّي‎ hummī		هُمَّا‎ hummā			اُهْمُمْنَ‎ uhmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هُمِمْتُ‎ humimtu	هُمِمْتَ‎ humimta	هُمَّ humma	هُمِمْتُمَا‎ humimtumā	هُمَّا‎ hummā	هُمِمْنَا‎ humimnā	هُمِمْتُمْ‎ humimtum	هُمُّوا‎ hummū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هُمِمْتُ‎ humimtu	هُمِمْتِ‎ humimti	هُمَّتْ‎ hummat	هُمِمْتُمَا‎ humimtumā	هُمَّتَا‎ hummatā	هُمِمْنَا‎ humimnā	هُمِمْتُنَّ‎ humimtunna	هُمِمْنَ‎ humimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُهَمُّ‎ ʔuhammu	تُهَمُّ‎ tuhammu	يُهَمُّ‎ yuhammu	تُهَمَّانِ‎ tuhammāni	يُهَمَّانِ‎ yuhammāni	نُهَمُّ‎ nuhammu	تُهَمُّونَ‎ tuhammūna	يُهَمُّونَ‎ yuhammūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُهَمُّ‎ ʔuhammu	تُهَمِّينَ‎ tuhammīna	تُهَمُّ‎ tuhammu	تُهَمَّانِ‎ tuhammāni	تُهَمَّانِ‎ tuhammāni	نُهَمُّ‎ nuhammu	تُهْمَمْنَ‎ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ‎ yuhmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُهَمَّ‎ ʔuhamma	تُهَمَّ‎ tuhamma	يُهَمَّ‎ yuhamma	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā	يُهَمَّا‎ yuhammā	نُهَمَّ‎ nuhamma	تُهَمُّوا‎ tuhammū	يُهَمُّوا‎ yuhammū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُهَمَّ‎ ʔuhamma	تُهَمِّي‎ tuhammī	تُهَمَّ‎ tuhamma	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā	نُهَمَّ‎ nuhamma	تُهْمَمْنَ‎ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ‎ yuhmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُهَمَّ‎ or أُهَمِّ‎ or أُهْمَمْ‎ ʔuhamma or ʔuhammi or ʔuhmam	تُهَمَّ‎ or تُهَمِّ‎ or تُهْمَمْ‎ tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam	يُهَمَّ‎ or يُهَمِّ‎ or يُهْمَمْ‎ yuhamma or yuhammi or yuhmam	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā	يُهَمَّا‎ yuhammā	نُهَمَّ‎ or نُهَمِّ‎ or نُهْمَمْ‎ nuhamma or nuhammi or nuhmam	تُهَمُّوا‎ tuhammū	يُهَمُّوا‎ yuhammū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُهَمِّي‎ tuhammī	تُهَمَّ‎ or تُهَمِّ‎ or تُهْمَمْ‎ tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā	تُهَمَّا‎ tuhammā		تُهْمَمْنَ‎ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ‎ yuhmamna

Etymology 4[edit]

From the root ه م م‎ (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /hamm/

Noun[edit]

هَمّ • (hamm) m (plural هُمُوم‎ (humūm))

verbal noun of هَمَّ (hamma) (form I)
anxiety, concern, worry, care
sorrow, grief, affliction, distress
weight, moment, importance

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun هَمّ (hamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هَمّ hamm	الْهَمّ‎ al-hamm	هَمّ hamm
Nominative	هَمٌّ hammun	الْهَمُّ‎ al-hammu	هَمُّ hammu
Accusative	هَمًّا‎ hamman	الْهَمَّ‎ al-hamma	هَمَّ hamma
Genitive	هَمٍّ hammin	الْهَمِّ‎ al-hammi	هَمِّ hammi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هَمَّيْن‎ hammayn	الْهَمَّيْن‎ al-hammayn	هَمَّيْ‎ hammay
Nominative	هَمَّانِ‎ hammāni	الْهَمَّانِ‎ al-hammāni	هَمَّا‎ hammā
Accusative	هَمَّيْنِ‎ hammayni	الْهَمَّيْنِ‎ al-hammayni	هَمَّيْ‎ hammay
Genitive	هَمَّيْنِ‎ hammayni	الْهَمَّيْنِ‎ al-hammayni	هَمَّيْ‎ hammay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هُمُوم‎ humūm	الْهُمُوم‎ al-humūm	هُمُوم‎ humūm
Nominative	هُمُومٌ‎ humūmun	الْهُمُومُ‎ al-humūmu	هُمُومُ‎ humūmu
Accusative	هُمُومًا‎ humūman	الْهُمُومَ‎ al-humūma	هُمُومَ‎ humūma
Genitive	هُمُومٍ‎ humūmin	الْهُمُومِ‎ al-humūmi	هُمُومِ‎ humūmi

Etymology 5[edit]

From the root ه م م‎ (h-m-m).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /himm/

Adjective[edit]

هِمّ • (himm) (feminine هِمَّة‎ (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام‎ (ʔahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم‎ (hamāʔim) or هِمَّات‎ (himmāt))

decrepit, senile

Declension[edit]

Declension of adjective هِمّ (himm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	هِمّ himm	الْهِمّ‎ al-himm	هِمَّة‎ himma	الْهِمَّة‎ al-himma
Nominative	هِمٌّ himmun	الْهِمُّ‎ al-himmu	هِمَّةٌ‎ himmatun	الْهِمَّةُ‎ al-himmatu
Accusative	هِمًّا‎ himman	الْهِمَّ‎ al-himma	هِمَّةً‎ himmatan	الْهِمَّةَ‎ al-himmata
Genitive	هِمٍّ himmin	الْهِمِّ‎ al-himmi	هِمَّةٍ‎ himmatin	الْهِمَّةِ‎ al-himmati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	هِمَّيْن‎ himmayn	الْهِمَّيْن‎ al-himmayn	هِمَّتَيْن‎ himmatayn	الْهِمَّتَيْن‎ al-himmatayn
Nominative	هِمَّانِ‎ himmāni	الْهِمَّانِ‎ al-himmāni	هِمَّتَانِ‎ himmatāni	الْهِمَّتَانِ‎ al-himmatāni
Accusative	هِمَّيْنِ‎ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ‎ al-himmayni	هِمَّتَيْنِ‎ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ‎ al-himmatayni
Genitive	هِمَّيْنِ‎ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ‎ al-himmayni	هِمَّتَيْنِ‎ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ‎ al-himmatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَهْمَام‎ ʔahmām	الْأَهْمَام‎ al-ʔahmām	هَمَائِم‎‎; هِمَّات‎ hamāʔim‎; himmāt	الْهَمَائِم‎‎; الْهِمَّات‎ al-hamāʔim‎; al-himmāt
Nominative	أَهْمَامٌ‎ ʔahmāmun	الْأَهْمَامُ‎ al-ʔahmāmu	هَمَائِمُ‎‎; هِمَّاتٌ‎ hamāʔimu‎; himmātun	الْهَمَائِمُ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتُ‎ al-hamāʔimu‎; al-himmātu
Accusative	أَهْمَامًا‎ ʔahmāman	الْأَهْمَامَ‎ al-ʔahmāma	هَمَائِمَ‎‎; هِمَّاتٍ‎ hamāʔima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمَ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتِ‎ al-hamāʔima‎; al-himmāti
Genitive	أَهْمَامٍ‎ ʔahmāmin	الْأَهْمَامِ‎ al-ʔahmāmi	هَمَائِمَ‎‎; هِمَّاتٍ‎ hamāʔima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمِ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتِ‎ al-hamāʔimi‎; al-himmāti

References[edit]

Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun[edit]

هِمّ • (himm) m (plural أَهْمَام‎ (ʔahmām), feminine هِمَّة‎ (himma))

old man

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun هِمّ (himm)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هِمّ himm	الْهِمّ‎ al-himm	هِمّ himm	هِمَّة‎ himma	الْهِمَّة‎ al-himma	هِمَّة‎ himmat
Nominative	هِمٌّ himmun	الْهِمُّ‎ al-himmu	هِمُّ himmu	هِمَّةٌ‎ himmatun	الْهِمَّةُ‎ al-himmatu	هِمَّةُ‎ himmatu
Accusative	هِمًّا‎ himman	الْهِمَّ‎ al-himma	هِمَّ himma	هِمَّةً‎ himmatan	الْهِمَّةَ‎ al-himmata	هِمَّةَ‎ himmata
Genitive	هِمٍّ himmin	الْهِمِّ‎ al-himmi	هِمِّ himmi	هِمَّةٍ‎ himmatin	الْهِمَّةِ‎ al-himmati	هِمَّةِ‎ himmati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هِمَّيْن‎ himmayn	الْهِمَّيْن‎ al-himmayn	هِمَّيْ‎ himmay	هِمَّتَيْن‎ himmatayn	الْهِمَّتَيْن‎ al-himmatayn	هِمَّتَيْ‎ himmatay
Nominative	هِمَّانِ‎ himmāni	الْهِمَّانِ‎ al-himmāni	هِمَّا‎ himmā	هِمَّتَانِ‎ himmatāni	الْهِمَّتَانِ‎ al-himmatāni	هِمَّتَا‎ himmatā
Accusative	هِمَّيْنِ‎ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ‎ al-himmayni	هِمَّيْ‎ himmay	هِمَّتَيْنِ‎ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ‎ al-himmatayni	هِمَّتَيْ‎ himmatay
Genitive	هِمَّيْنِ‎ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ‎ al-himmayni	هِمَّيْ‎ himmay	هِمَّتَيْنِ‎ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ‎ al-himmatayni	هِمَّتَيْ‎ himmatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote			basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَهْمَام‎ ʔahmām	الْأَهْمَام‎ al-ʔahmām	أَهْمَام‎ ʔahmām	هَمَائِم‎‎; هِمَّات‎ hamāʔim‎; himmāt	الْهَمَائِم‎‎; الْهِمَّات‎ al-hamāʔim‎; al-himmāt	هَمَائِم‎‎; هِمَّات‎ hamāʔim‎; himmāt
Nominative	أَهْمَامٌ‎ ʔahmāmun	الْأَهْمَامُ‎ al-ʔahmāmu	أَهْمَامُ‎ ʔahmāmu	هَمَائِمُ‎‎; هِمَّاتٌ‎ hamāʔimu‎; himmātun	الْهَمَائِمُ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتُ‎ al-hamāʔimu‎; al-himmātu	هَمَائِمُ‎‎; هِمَّاتُ‎ hamāʔimu‎; himmātu
Accusative	أَهْمَامًا‎ ʔahmāman	الْأَهْمَامَ‎ al-ʔahmāma	أَهْمَامَ‎ ʔahmāma	هَمَائِمَ‎‎; هِمَّاتٍ‎ hamāʔima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمَ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتِ‎ al-hamāʔima‎; al-himmāti	هَمَائِمَ‎‎; هِمَّاتِ‎ hamāʔima‎; himmāti
Genitive	أَهْمَامٍ‎ ʔahmāmin	الْأَهْمَامِ‎ al-ʔahmāmi	أَهْمَامِ‎ ʔahmāmi	هَمَائِمَ‎‎; هِمَّاتٍ‎ hamāʔima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمِ‎‎; الْهِمَّاتِ‎ al-hamāʔimi‎; al-himmāti	هَمَائِمِ‎‎; هِمَّاتِ‎ hamāʔimi‎; himmāti

References[edit]

Freytag, Georg (1837), “هم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 406
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “هم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1442
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “هم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen, page 1181
Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “هم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1355–1356

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈhommæ/

Pronoun[edit]

هم • (humma) pl

they

Suffix[edit]

ـهم • (-hum) pl

them, their

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic هُمْ‎ (hum).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈhum.ma/

Pronoun[edit]

هم • (humma) pl

they

Pronunciation 2[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈhum/

Suffix[edit]

ـهُم • (-hum) pl

them, their

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic هَمّ‎ (hamm).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈhamm/, [ˈham]

Noun[edit]

هم • (hamm) m (plural هموم‎ (humūm) or أهمام‎ (ʾahmām))

worry

Iraqi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian ‎ (ham).

Adverb[edit]

هم (ham)

still, all the same
‏مهما نسوي هم مقصرين.‎‎
Mahma nsawwi ham muqaṣṣirīn.
Whatever we do, we still don't do enough.

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /⁠ham(a)⁠/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

Alternative forms[edit]

ـم‎ (-am) (colloquial)

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ham]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæm]
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ʔæm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ham
Dari reading^?	ham
Iranian reading^?	ham
Tajik reading^?	ham

This word never takes stress.

Adverb[edit]

هم • (ham)

also, too; (in negative constructions, chiefly as a post-positive particle) either, neither
Synonym: (formal) نیز‎ (niz)

‏‎‎
az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
I like this book, too.

‏‎‎
fârsi ham balad nist.
He doesn't speak Persian, either.
even; often with ‎ (hatta)
‏‎‎
hattâ muš ham xordand.
Even rats were eaten.
(as (ham)... (ham)) both
‏‎‎
yek sâl-e ba'd ham man o ham u ezdevâj kardim.
A year later, he and I married.
Used in the non-initial clause to suggest a contrast.
‏‎‎
u gap mi-zad, man ham sâket budam.
He talked; as for me, I was silent.

‏‎‎
bad nist, xeyli ham xub ast.
It's not bad, rather it's very good.

Usage notes[edit]

(ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies, except in the coordinate construction (ham)... (ham) in which case it comes before.

‏‎‎

az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.

I like this book, also. (In addition to another book that I like, I like this one.)

‏‎‎

man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.

I also like this book. (In addition to someone else who likes this book, I do.)

Pronoun[edit]

هم • (ham)

each other; Short for ‎ (hamdigar).

Derived terms[edit]

با هم‎ (bâ ham, “together”)

Prefix[edit]

هم • (ham-)

co-; denotes sharing of a property
‎ (ham) + ‎‎ (kelâs, “class”) → ‎‎ (hamkelâs, “classmate”)

‎ (ham) + ‎‎ (sâye, “shadow, shade”) → ‎‎ (hamsâye, “neighbor”)

‎ (ham) + ‎‎ (vatan, “fatherland, nation”) → ‎‎ (hamvatan, “compatriot”)

Derived terms[edit]

هم‌اکنون‎ (ham-aknun)
هماهنگ‎ (hamâhang)
همجنس‌باز‎ (hamjens-bâz)
همدردی‎ (hamdardi)
همدم‎ (hamdam)
همکلاس‎ (hamkelâs)
همسایه‎ (hamsâye)
همسر‎ (hamsar)
همشیره‎ (hamšire)
هموطن‎ (hamvatan)
همراه‎ (hamrâh)

Descendants[edit]

→ Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)
→ Azerbaijani: həm (“and”)
→ Bashkir: һәм (häm, “and”)
→ Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)
→ Iraqi Arabic: هم‎ (“still”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic هَمّ‎ (hamm).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ham(m)]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm(m)]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäm(m)]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäm(m)]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæm(m)]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häm(m)]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ham(m)
Dari reading^?	ham(m)
Iranian reading^?	ham(m)
Tajik reading^?	ham(m)

Noun[edit]

هم • (ham)

(literary) grief; sorrow
Synonym: غم‎ (ğam)

References[edit]

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “ham”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic هُمْ‎ (hum).

Alternative forms[edit]

همه‎

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /hom.me/, [ˈhʊm.me]
Audio (Jerusalem) (file)

Pronoun[edit]

هم • (homme) pl (enclitic form ـهم (-hom))

they (third-person plural subject pronoun)
Synonym: (Galilee) هن‎ (hinne)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic ـهُمْ‎ (-hum) or ـهِمْ‎ (-him).

Suffix[edit]

ـهم • (-hom) pl

Enclitic form of هم (homme)
they, them, their
Synonym: (Galilee) ـهن‎ (-hen)

Etymology 3[edit]

Root
ه م م‎
3 terms

From Arabic هَمَّ‎ (hamma).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /hamm/, [ham]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb[edit]

همّ • (hamm) I (non-past بهمّ‎ (bihimm))

to concern, to preoccupy

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of همّ (hamm)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	همّيت (hammēt)	همّيت (hammēt)	همّ (hamm)	همّينا (hammēna)	همّيتو (hammētu)	همّو (hammu)
past	f	همّيت (hammēt)	همّيتي (hammēti)	همّت (hammat)	همّينا (hammēna)	همّيتو (hammētu)	همّو (hammu)
present	m	بهمّ (bahimm)	بتهمّ (bithimm)	بهمّ (bihimm)	منهمّ (minhimm)	بتهمّو (bithimmu)	بهمّو (bihimmu)
present	f	بهمّ (bahimm)	بتهمّي (bithimmi)	بتهمّ (bithimm)	منهمّ (minhimm)	بتهمّو (bithimmu)	بهمّو (bihimmu)
subjunctive	m	اهمّ (ahimm)	تهمّ (thimm)	يهمّ (yhimm)	نهمّ (nhimm)	تهمّو (thimmu)	يهمّو (yhimmu)
subjunctive	f	اهمّ (ahimm)	تهمّي (thimmi)	تهمّ (thimm)	نهمّ (nhimm)	تهمّو (thimmu)	يهمّو (yhimmu)
imperative	m		همّ (himm)			همّو (himmu)
imperative	f		همّي (himmi)			همّو (himmu)

Tunisian Arabic[edit]

Suffix[edit]

ـهُمْ‎ (-hum) pl

them, their

Arabic personal pronouns
Isolated nominative pronouns
		singular	dual	plural
1^st person		أَنَا‎ (ʔanā)	نَحْنُ‎ (naḥnu)
2^nd person	m	أَنْتَ‎ (ʔanta)	أَنْتُمَا‎ (ʔantumā)	أَنْتُمْ‎ (ʔantum)
2^nd person	f	أَنْتِ‎ (ʔanti)	أَنْتُمَا‎ (ʔantumā)	أَنْتُنَّ‎ (ʔantunna)
3^rd person	m	هُوَ‎ (huwa)	هُمَا‎ (humā)	هُمْ (hum), هُمُ (humu)¹
3^rd person	f	هِيَ‎ (hiya)	هُمَا‎ (humā)	هُنَّ‎ (hunna)
Isolated accusative pronouns
		singular	dual	plural
1^st person		إِيَّايَ‎ (ʔiyyāya)	إِيَّانَا‎ (ʔiyyānā)
2^nd person	m	إِيَّاكَ‎ (ʔiyyāka)	إِيَّاكُمَا‎ (ʔiyyākumā)	إِيَّاكُم‎ (ʔiyyākum)
2^nd person	f	إِيَّاكِ‎ (ʔiyyāki)	إِيَّاكُمَا‎ (ʔiyyākumā)	إِيَّاكُنَّ‎ (ʔiyyākunna)
3^rd person	m	إِيَّاهُ‎ (ʔiyyāhu)	إِيَّاهُمَا‎ (ʔiyyāhumā)	إِيَّاهُمْ‎ (ʔiyyāhum)
3^rd person	f	إِيَّاهَا‎ (ʔiyyāhā)	إِيَّاهُمَا‎ (ʔiyyāhumā)	إِيَّاهُنَّ‎ (ʔiyyāhunna)
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns
		singular	dual	plural
1^st person		ـنِي‎ (-nī), ـنِيَ‎ (-niya), ـي‎ (-y), ـيَ‎ (-ya)²	ـنَا‎ (-nā)
2^nd person	m	ـكَ‎ (-ka)	ـكُمَا‎ (-kumā)	ـكُم‎ (-kum)
2^nd person	f	ـكِ‎ (-ki)	ـكُمَا‎ (-kumā)	ـكُنَّ‎ (-kunna)
3^rd person	m	ـهُ‎ (-hu), ـهِ‎ (-hi)³	ـهُمَا‎ (-humā), ـهِمَا‎ (-himā)³	ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)³
3^rd person	f	ـهَا‎ (-hā)	ـهُمَا‎ (-humā), ـهِمَا‎ (-himā)³	ـهُنَّ‎ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ‎ (-hinna)³
1. هُمْ‎ (hum) becomes هُمُ‎ (humu) before the definite article الـ‎ (al--). 2. Specifically, ـنِي‎ (-nī, “me”) is attached to verbs, but ـِي‎ (-ī) or ـيَ‎ (-ya, “my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ‎ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي‎ (-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ‎ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي‎ (-ī) or ـيَ‎ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي‎ (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي‎ (ʔinnī)). 3. ـهِـ‎ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ‎ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw).

		singular	plural
1st person		أنا‎ (ʾana)	إحنا‎ (ʾiḥna)
2nd person	m	إنت‎ (ʾinta)	إنتوا‎ (ʾintu)
2nd person	f	إنتي‎ (ʾinti)	إنتوا‎ (ʾintu)
3rd person	m	هو‎ (huwwa)	هم‎ (humma, hum)
3rd person	f	هي‎ (hiyya)	هم‎ (humma, hum)

South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns
		Singular		Plural
		after consonant	after vowel	Plural
1^st person	after verb	ـني‎ (-ni)		ـنا‎ (-na)
1^st person	else	ـِي‎ (-i)	ـي‎ (-y)	ـنا‎ (-na)
2^nd person	m	ـَك‎ (-ak)	ـك‎ (-k)	ـكُم‎ (-kom) / ـكو‎ (-ku)
2^nd person	f	ـِك‎ (-ek)	ـكي‎ (-ki)	ـكُم‎ (-kom) / ـكو‎ (-ku)
3^rd person	m	ـُه‎ (-o)	ـه‎ (-h)	ـهُم (-hom)
3^rd person	f	ـها‎ (-ha)		ـهُم (-hom)

هم

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Declension[edit]

References[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

References[edit]

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

See also[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Iraqi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Tunisian Arabic[edit]

Suffix[edit]

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