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غم

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: عم

Arabic

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Etymology 1.1

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Root
غ م م (ḡ m m)
12 terms

Pronunciation

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Verb

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غَمَّ (ḡamma) I (non-past يَغُمُّ (yaḡummu), verbal noun غَمّ (ḡamm))

  1. to cover, to veil, to shroud
  2. (passive voice) to be obscure, to be unapparent
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 13:6:
      فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا ثَلَاثِينَ
      faʔin ḡumma ʕalaykum fāqdirū ṯalāṯīna
      If [the sky] is masked for you [by clouds], then calculate thirty days [for the month of Ramaḍān.
  3. to fill with grief, to grief, to chagrin
Conjugation
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Conjugation of غَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun غَمّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
غَمّ
ḡamm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
غَامّ
ḡāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَغْمُوم
maḡmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m غَمَمْتُ
ḡamamtu
غَمَمْتَ
ḡamamta
غَمَّ
ḡamma
غَمَمْتُمَا
ḡamamtumā
غَمَّا
ḡammā
غَمَمْنَا
ḡamamnā
غَمَمْتُمْ
ḡamamtum
غَمُّوا
ḡammū
f غَمَمْتِ
ḡamamti
غَمَّتْ
ḡammat
غَمَّتَا
ḡammatā
غَمَمْتُنَّ
ḡamamtunna
غَمَمْنَ
ḡamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَغُمُّ
ʔaḡummu
تَغُمُّ
taḡummu
يَغُمُّ
yaḡummu
تَغُمَّانِ
taḡummāni
يَغُمَّانِ
yaḡummāni
نَغُمُّ
naḡummu
تَغُمُّونَ
taḡummūna
يَغُمُّونَ
yaḡummūna
f تَغُمِّينَ
taḡummīna
تَغُمُّ
taḡummu
تَغُمَّانِ
taḡummāni
تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna
يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَغُمَّ
ʔaḡumma
تَغُمَّ
taḡumma
يَغُمَّ
yaḡumma
تَغُمَّا
taḡummā
يَغُمَّا
yaḡummā
نَغُمَّ
naḡumma
تَغُمُّوا
taḡummū
يَغُمُّوا
yaḡummū
f تَغُمِّي
taḡummī
تَغُمَّ
taḡumma
تَغُمَّا
taḡummā
تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna
يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَغُمَّ, أَغُمِّ, أَغْمُمْ
ʔaḡumma, ʔaḡummi, ʔaḡmum
تَغُمَّ, تَغُمِّ, تَغْمُمْ
taḡumma, taḡummi, taḡmum
يَغُمَّ, يَغُمِّ, يَغْمُمْ
yaḡumma, yaḡummi, yaḡmum
تَغُمَّا
taḡummā
يَغُمَّا
yaḡummā
نَغُمَّ, نَغُمِّ, نَغْمُمْ
naḡumma, naḡummi, naḡmum
تَغُمُّوا
taḡummū
يَغُمُّوا
yaḡummū
f تَغُمِّي
taḡummī
تَغُمَّ, تَغُمِّ, تَغْمُمْ
taḡumma, taḡummi, taḡmum
تَغُمَّا
taḡummā
تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna
يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m غُمَّ, غُمِّ, اُغْمُمْ
ḡumma, ḡummi, uḡmum
غُمَّا
ḡummā
غُمُّوا
ḡummū
f غُمِّي
ḡummī
اُغْمُمْنَ
uḡmumna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m غُمِمْتُ
ḡumimtu
غُمِمْتَ
ḡumimta
غُمَّ
ḡumma
غُمِمْتُمَا
ḡumimtumā
غُمَّا
ḡummā
غُمِمْنَا
ḡumimnā
غُمِمْتُمْ
ḡumimtum
غُمُّوا
ḡummū
f غُمِمْتِ
ḡumimti
غُمَّتْ
ḡummat
غُمَّتَا
ḡummatā
غُمِمْتُنَّ
ḡumimtunna
غُمِمْنَ
ḡumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُغَمُّ
ʔuḡammu
تُغَمُّ
tuḡammu
يُغَمُّ
yuḡammu
تُغَمَّانِ
tuḡammāni
يُغَمَّانِ
yuḡammāni
نُغَمُّ
nuḡammu
تُغَمُّونَ
tuḡammūna
يُغَمُّونَ
yuḡammūna
f تُغَمِّينَ
tuḡammīna
تُغَمُّ
tuḡammu
تُغَمَّانِ
tuḡammāni
تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna
يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُغَمَّ
ʔuḡamma
تُغَمَّ
tuḡamma
يُغَمَّ
yuḡamma
تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā
يُغَمَّا
yuḡammā
نُغَمَّ
nuḡamma
تُغَمُّوا
tuḡammū
يُغَمُّوا
yuḡammū
f تُغَمِّي
tuḡammī
تُغَمَّ
tuḡamma
تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā
تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna
يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُغَمَّ, أُغَمِّ, أُغْمَمْ
ʔuḡamma, ʔuḡammi, ʔuḡmam
تُغَمَّ, تُغَمِّ, تُغْمَمْ
tuḡamma, tuḡammi, tuḡmam
يُغَمَّ, يُغَمِّ, يُغْمَمْ
yuḡamma, yuḡammi, yuḡmam
تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā
يُغَمَّا
yuḡammā
نُغَمَّ, نُغَمِّ, نُغْمَمْ
nuḡamma, nuḡammi, nuḡmam
تُغَمُّوا
tuḡammū
يُغَمُّوا
yuḡammū
f تُغَمِّي
tuḡammī
تُغَمَّ, تُغَمِّ, تُغْمَمْ
tuḡamma, tuḡammi, tuḡmam
تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā
تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna
يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna

Etymology 1.2

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    غَمّ (ḡammm (plural غُمُوم (ḡumūm))

    1. grief, sorrow, chagrin
      • 7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, section 37:
        وَتَدْنُو الشَّمْسُ، فَيَبْلُغُ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَالْكَرْبِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُونَ وَلَا يَحْتَمِلُونَ
        wa-tadnū š-šamsu, fa-yabluḡu n-nāsa mina al-ḡammi wa-l-karbi mā lā yuṭīqūna wa-lā yaḥtamilūna
        The sun will come so close to the people that they will suffer such distress and trouble as they will not be able to bear or stand.
    Declension
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    Declension of noun غَمّ (ḡamm)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal غَمّ
    ḡamm
    الْغَمّ
    al-ḡamm
    غَمّ
    ḡamm
    nominative غَمٌّ
    ḡammun
    الْغَمُّ
    al-ḡammu
    غَمُّ
    ḡammu
    accusative غَمًّا
    ḡamman
    الْغَمَّ
    al-ḡamma
    غَمَّ
    ḡamma
    genitive غَمٍّ
    ḡammin
    الْغَمِّ
    al-ḡammi
    غَمِّ
    ḡammi
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal غَمَّيْن
    ḡammayn
    الْغَمَّيْن
    al-ḡammayn
    غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    nominative غَمَّانِ
    ḡammāni
    الْغَمَّانِ
    al-ḡammāni
    غَمَّا
    ḡammā
    accusative غَمَّيْنِ
    ḡammayni
    الْغَمَّيْنِ
    al-ḡammayni
    غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    genitive غَمَّيْنِ
    ḡammayni
    الْغَمَّيْنِ
    al-ḡammayni
    غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    plural basic broken plural triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal غُمُوم
    ḡumūm
    الْغُمُوم
    al-ḡumūm
    غُمُوم
    ḡumūm
    nominative غُمُومٌ
    ḡumūmun
    الْغُمُومُ
    al-ḡumūmu
    غُمُومُ
    ḡumūmu
    accusative غُمُومًا
    ḡumūman
    الْغُمُومَ
    al-ḡumūma
    غُمُومَ
    ḡumūma
    genitive غُمُومٍ
    ḡumūmin
    الْغُمُومِ
    al-ḡumūmi
    غُمُومِ
    ḡumūmi
    Descendants
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    • Azerbaijani: qəm
    • Catalan: gamar-se
    • Pashto: غَم (ǧam)
    • Classical Persian: غَم (ġam)
    • Northern Kurdish: xem
    • Swahili: ghamu
    • Tatar: гамь (ğam’), ğäm
    • Turkmen: gam
    • Uyghur: غەم (ghem)
    • Uzbek: gʻam

    References

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    • Freytag, Georg (1835) “غم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 292–293
    • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “غم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2289.
    • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 926

    Pashto

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    غم (ǧamm

    1. grief, sorrow

    Derived terms

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    Persian

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    Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia fa

    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm), from غ م م (ḡ m m).

      Pronunciation

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      Readings
      Classical reading? ġam
      Dari reading? ġam
      Iranian reading? ġam
      Tajik reading? ġam

      Noun

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      غم (ġam)

      1. grief, sorrow
        Synonym: گرم (gorm)

      Derived terms

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      Punjabi

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from Classical Persian غَم (ġam), borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm), from غ م م (ḡ m m).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        غَم (ġamm (Gurmukhi spelling ਗ਼ਮ)

        1. sorrow; sadness; grief
        2. mourning
        3. worry (ie. distress)
        4. depression
        5. melancholy

        Declension

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        Declension of غم
        singular plural
        direct غَم (ġam) غَم (ġam)
        oblique غَم (ġam) غَماں (ġamāṉ)
        vocative غَما (ġamā) غَمو (ġamo)
        ablative غَموں (ġamoṉ) غَماں (ġamāṉ)
        locative غَمے (ġame) غَمِیں (ġamīṉ)
        instrumental غَموں (ġamoṉ)

        Further reading

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        • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “غم”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
        • Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “غم”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
        • ਗ਼ਮ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

        Urdu

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        Etymology

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian غَم (ġam), borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm), from غ م م (ḡ m m).[1] First attested in c. 1503 as Middle Hindi غم (ġm /⁠ġam⁠/).[2]

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          غَم (ġamm (formal plural غُمُوم (ġumūm), Hindi spelling ग़म)

          1. sorrow; sadness
            Synonym: دُکھ (dukh)
          2. mourning
            اُس کی موت پر گہرا غم منایا گیا۔
            uskī maut par gahrā ġam manāyā gayā.
            His death was deeply mourned.
          3. worry; distress
          4. depression
          5. (obsolete) concern

          Declension

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          Declension of غم
          singular plural
          direct غَم (ġam) غَم (ġam)
          oblique غَم (ġam) غَموں (ġamõ)
          vocative غَم (ġam) غَمو (ġamo)

          Derived terms

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          References

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          1. ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “غم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
          2. ^ غم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

          Further reading

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