Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haimaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“village, home”), either from o-grade form of *ḱey- (“to be lying down, to settle”) +‎ *-mos (action/result noun forming suffix) (this derivation is preferred by Kroonen), or from *tḱóymos (“settlement, dwelling”), from o-grade form of *tḱey- (“to settle, dwell”) +‎ *-mos (action/result noun forming suffix). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) If the second proposal is correct, cognate of Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣéma, “basis, foundation; residing, resting, abiding at ease”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village, countryside”) (though this could be a borrowing).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯.mɑz/

Noun

*haimaz m

1. home
2. house
3. village

Inflection

Declension of *haimaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*haimaz	*haimōz, *haimōs
vocative	*haim	*haimōz, *haimōs
accusative	*haimą	*haimanz
genitive	*haimas, *haimis	*haimǫ̂
dative	*haimai	*haimamaz
instrumental	*haimō	*haimamiz

Derived terms

• *haimatjaną
• *Haimarīks
• *haimijaną
• *haimijaz
• *Bajahaimaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haim
  • Old English: hām
    • Middle English: hom, hoom, home, hoome, whom, om, am, hame (Northern), heem (pseudo-Northern), ham (Early Middle English)
      • English: home, -ham (partially)

        Geordie: hyem

      • Scots: hame
      • Yola: hime, hyme, haime
  • Old Frisian: hām, hēm
    • North Frisian: hamm
    • Saterland Frisian: Heem
    • West Frisian: hiem
  • Old Saxon: hēm
    • Middle Low German: hēm, heim
      • German Low German: Heem, Heim
      • Westphalian:

        Westmünsterländisch: Haim

        East Westphalian: Håime (Ravensbergisch-Lippisch)

      • Plautdietsch: Heim
  • Old Dutch: hēm
    • Middle Dutch: hêem, heim
      • Dutch: heem, heim (possibly from German), -em, -hem, -gem (in placenames)
        • Afrikaans: heim
      • Limburgish: heim
  • Old High German: heim, haim
    • Middle High German: heim
      • Alemannic German: Haa, Hai, Ham, Häi

        Italian Walser: haim, heim, hemmu, hei

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: hòam, huam (Tredici Comuni, Luserna), hame (Sappada, Sauris)

        Mòcheno: hoa'm

        Udinese: hame, hama

      • German: Heim
      • Luxembourgish: Heem
      • Vilamovian: ham, hām, haom
      • Yiddish: היים (heym)
  • → Old French: ham (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: heimr, haimr — Old Gutnish, hæimr
  • Icelandic: heimur m, heim n
  • Faroese: heimur m, heim n
  • Norn: hem
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: heim m
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: heim m
  • Elfdalian: iem
  • Old Swedish: hēmber m, hēm n
    • Swedish: hem n
      • Finnish: hima
  • Old Danish: hēm, hiem
    • Danish: hjem n
      • Norwegian Bokmål: hjem n
  • Old Gutnish: haimr
    • Gutnish: haim
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims)
• →⇒ Latin: Boiohaemum
  • French: Bohême