Appendix:Emilian pronunciation

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Emilian pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

As Emilian is not a standardised language, its pronunciation can differ greatly from area to area.

Consonants

Consonants in Emilian are relatively uniform, with only minor differences across various dialects.

Consonants   IPA   English approximation Notes m monkey n nest ɲ canyon ŋ ring absent in Piacenza p speed t stop tʃ beach [ts̠] in Bologna k sky b ball d dog dʒ jump [dz̠] in Bologna ɡ gap f fan θ think merges with /s/ in PC, PR, RE s between sun and shun generally realized as [s̠] v van ð feather merges with /z/ in PC, PR, RE z between base and beige generally realized as [z̠] l leaf (always clear) r either rolled r or French r mostly [r], [ʁ] in Parma and environs j yet ʎ million allophone of /lj/ w watch may merge with /v/ Vowels Vowels in Emilian present very strong variation within the region, within a province and even within any given city. The table that follows indicates most possible vowel phones that are present in Emilian in some capacity. Vowels and diphthongs   IPA   English approximation Occurs in a AuE STRUT, Boston PALM Provinces of Modena, Bologna, Ferrara, Mantua, elsewhere in loanwords aː AuE and NZE PALM All varieties æ CaE, NZE, RP TRAP City of Reggio Emilia, periphery of Bologna æː AuE TRAP City of Reggio Emilia, city of Parma (conservative varieties) ʌ Older RP STRUT Periphery of Bologna ɛ GenAm DRESS Almost all varieties ɛː GenAm BED All varieties e AuE and NZE DRESS Most varieties eː IrE and InE FACE All varieties i GenAm and AAVE FLEECE Almost all varieties iː RP and AuE FLEECE All varieties ə Stressed COMMA or Welsh English STRUT Mostly province of Piacenza, formerly city of Modena œ Absent in English; like French neuf Fidenza (PR) øː Absent in English, like French feu Provinces of Piacenza and Mantua, Appennines and parts of province of Parma y Absent in English, like French jus As øː (see above) yː Like French tu; Californian English CUTE As øː and y (see above) ɔ NZE CLOTH Almost all varieties ɔː Mid-Atlantic THOUGHT All varieties o Singapore English GOAT Most varieties oː NZE THOUGHT All varieties u AuE FOOT, Singapore English GOOSE, Almost all varieties uː InE GOOSE All varieties ai̯ RP PRICE City of Bologna ʌu̯ CaE MOUTH City of Bologna æi̯ AuE FACE City of Reggio Emilia ɒu̯ RP SOUL City of Reggio Emilia ɛi̯ RP FACE Provinces of Reggio Emilia, Modena and (partly) Bologna ɔu̯ Boston GOAT Provinces of Reggio Emilia, Modena and (partly) Bologna ei̯ GenAm FACE Reggio Emilia (conservative) ou̯ GenAm GOAT Reggio Emilia (conservative) əi̯ Newfoundland English PRICE, CHOICE Province of Piacenza ɵu̯ MLE GOAT, GenAm THREW Parts of city of Parma je AuE YES City of Ferrara wo NZE WALL City of Ferrara