justification

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)

1. (countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
2. (Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin.
   • 1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification:

     […] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.

3. (typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).

Antonyms

• conviction
• condemnation

Derived terms

• self-justification

Related terms

• justify
• acquittal
• exculpation

Translations

reason, explanation, or excuse

• Arabic: تَبْرِير‎ m (tabrīr)
• Armenian: արդարացում (hy) (ardaracʿum)
• Azerbaijani: bəraət (az)
• Belarusian: апраўда́нне n (apraŭdánnje)
• Bulgarian: извине́ние (bg) n (izvinénie), оправда́ние (bg) n (opravdánie)
• Catalan: justificació f
• Czech: ospravedlnění n, zdůvodnění n, odůvodnění n
• Dutch: rechtvaardiging (nl) f
• Ewe: afiatsotso
• Finnish: oikeutus (fi)
• French: justification (fr) f
• Georgian: გამართლება (gamartleba)
• German: Rechtfertigung (de) f, Begründung (de) f
• Greek: δικαιολογία (el) f (dikaiología), αιτιολόγηση (el) f (aitiológisi), απολόγηση f (apológisi)
• Hungarian: indoklás (hu)

• Irish: réasún m
• Italian: giustificazione (it) f, ragione (it) f, spiegazione (it) f, scusa (it) f
• Japanese: 正当化 (せいとうか, seitōka)
• Maori: parahautanga
• Persian: توجیه‎ (fa) (towjih), بهانه‎ (fa) (bahâne)
• Polish: usprawiedliwienie (pl) n, uzasadnienie (pl) n
• Portuguese: justificativa (pt) f, justificação f
• Romanian: justificare (ro) f, justificație (ro) f
• Russian: оправда́ние (ru) n (opravdánije)
• Spanish: justificación (es) f
• Swedish: rättfärdigande (sv), rättfärdiggörelse c
• Turkish: haklı çıkma, savunma (tr), temize çıkma, gerekçe (tr), mazeret (tr), müstenidat (tr)
• Ukrainian: ви́правдання n (výpravdannja)
• Welsh: cyfiawnhad m

text alignment

• Armenian: տողաշտկում (hy) (tołaštkum)
• Bulgarian: подравня́ване n (podravnjávane)
• Czech: zarovnání n
• Finnish: tasaus (fi)
• Georgian: გასწორება (gasc̣oreba)
• German: Ausrichtung (de) f, Blocksatz (de) m (print), Zeilenfall m
• Greek: στοίχιση (el) f (stoíchisi)
• Hungarian: igazítás (hu)

• Italian: giustificazione (it) f
• Japanese: 行揃え (ぎょうそろえ, gyōsoroe), ジャスティフィケーション (jyasutifikēshon)
• Polish: justyfikacja f
• Portuguese: justificação f
• Russian: выра́внивание (ru) n (vyrávnivanije)
• Spanish: justificación (es) f
• Swedish: justering (sv)

---

French

Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒys.ti.fi.ka.sjɔ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

justification f (plural justifications)

1. justification (reason, excuse, etc.)

Related terms

• justifier

Further reading

• “justification” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem.

Noun

justification f (plural justifications)

1. justification (all senses)

Descendants

• → English: justification
• French: justification