pardon
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English pardonen, from Old French pardoner (modern French pardonner), from Late Latin perdonare, from per- + donare, possibly a calque (if not vice-versa) of a Germanic word represented by Frankish *firgeban (“to forgive, give up completely”), from *fir- + *geban. Akin to Old High German fargeban, firgeban (“to forgive”), Old English forġiefan (“to forgive”). More at forgive.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɑːdn̩/
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/, [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩]
Audio (GA) (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈpaːdɘn/, [ˈpʰäːɾɘn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Hyphenation: par‧don
Noun[edit]
pardon (countable and uncountable, plural pardons)
- Forgiveness for an offence.
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:
- […] a step, that could not be taken with the least hope of ever obtaining pardon from or reconciliation with any of my friends; […]
- (law) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.
- 1974, President Gerald Ford, Proclamation 4311:
- I […] have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States […]
- 2001, Olson, Barbara, “The Final Frenzy: Finishing Touches on the Legend”, in The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House[1] (Politics/Current Affairs), Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:
- But the president's most irreversible, almost God-like power is the authority granted to him under Article II, Section 2, of the United States Constitution, "to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses Against the United States. . . ."
The power is absolute-even a serial killer could be pardoned-and utterly unreviewable. It cannot be rescinded by the next president. The president may grant a pardon before a trial, after a trial, or without a trial. Once granted, a pardon can never be taken away.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb[edit]
pardon (third-person singular simple present pardons, present participle pardoning, simple past and past participle pardoned)
- (transitive) To forgive (a person).
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, / That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II or III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
- I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than may be pardoned, in consideration of the motive.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
- In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
- (transitive) To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
- I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
- (transitive, law) To grant an official pardon for a crime.
- 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Interjection[edit]
pardon?
- Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.
Synonyms[edit]
- See also Thesaurus:say again
Translations[edit]
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Anagrams[edit]
Czech[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
- sorry, I'm sorry, I beg your pardon, I apologize
Further reading[edit]
- pardon in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- pardon in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
Descendants[edit]
Noun[edit]
pardon n (plural pardons)
Descendants[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
Descendants[edit]
- → Bulgarian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
- → Czech: pardon (colloquial)
- → Dutch: pardon
- → English: pardon
- → Greek: μπαρδόν (bardón)
- → Hungarian: pardon
- → Macedonian: пардон (pardon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پاردون (pardon)
- Turkish: pardon
- → Polish: pardon
- → Romanian: pardon
- → Russian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
Noun[edit]
pardon m (plural pardons)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “pardon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French pardon, primarily via German Pardon.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
Noun[edit]
pardon
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pardon | pardonok |
accusative | pardont | pardonokat |
dative | pardonnak | pardonoknak |
instrumental | pardonnal | pardonokkal |
causal-final | pardonért | pardonokért |
translative | pardonná | pardonokká |
terminative | pardonig | pardonokig |
essive-formal | pardonként | pardonokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | pardonban | pardonokban |
superessive | pardonon | pardonokon |
adessive | pardonnál | pardonoknál |
illative | pardonba | pardonokba |
sublative | pardonra | pardonokra |
allative | pardonhoz | pardonokhoz |
elative | pardonból | pardonokból |
delative | pardonról | pardonokról |
ablative | pardontól | pardonoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
pardoné | pardonoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
pardonéi | pardonokéi |
Possessive forms of pardon | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | pardonom | pardonjaim |
2nd person sing. | pardonod | pardonjaid |
3rd person sing. | pardonja | pardonjai |
1st person plural | pardonunk | pardonjaink |
2nd person plural | pardonotok | pardonjaitok |
3rd person plural | pardonjuk | pardonjaik |
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ pardon in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / ELKH Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading[edit]
- pardon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pardon m inan
- (dated) pardon, forgiveness
- Synonyms: przebaczenie, wybaczenie
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
- (colloquial) sorry, excuse me, I beg your pardon
- Synonym: przepraszam
Further reading[edit]
- pardon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pardon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!
Noun[edit]
pardon n (uncountable)
Synonyms[edit]
See also[edit]
Swedish[edit]
Noun[edit]
pardon c
- (usually negated) mercy
- utan pardon ― without mercy
Synonyms[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Ottoman Turkish پاردون (pardon), from French pardon.
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰebʰ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Germanic languages
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)dən/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Law
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English interjections
- Czech lemmas
- Czech interjections
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔn
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch interjections
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Law
- French deverbals
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French interjections
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French phrasebook
- Hungarian terms borrowed from French
- Hungarian terms derived from French
- Hungarian terms borrowed from German
- Hungarian terms derived from German
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian interjections
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian dated terms
- hu:Law
- Polish terms borrowed from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ardɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/ardɔn/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish dated terms
- Polish interjections
- Polish colloquialisms
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian interjections
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian dated terms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from French
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish interjections