何

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何 U+4F55, 何
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F55
← 佔
[U+4F54]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 佖 →
[U+4F56]
See also: 伺, 向, 同, and 回

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character[edit]

何 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 98, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 130, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F55

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 何

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 何
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
何-oracle.svg 何-bronze.svg 何-bigseal.svg 何-seal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j18879.svg

j18879
ACC-j18880.svg

j18880
ACC-j18881.svg

j18881
ACC-j18882.svg

j18882
ACC-j18883.svg

j18883
ACC-j18884.svg

j18884
ACC-j18885.svg

j18885
ACC-j18886.svg

j18886
ACC-j18887.svg

j18887
ACC-j18888.svg

j18888
ACC-j18889.svg

j18889
ACC-j18890.svg

j18890
ACC-j18891.svg

j18891
ACC-j18892.svg

j18892
ACC-j18893.svg

j18893
ACC-j18894.svg

j18894
ACC-j18895.svg

j18895
ACC-j18896.svg

j18896
ACC-j18897.svg

j18897
ACC-j18898.svg

j18898
ACC-j18899.svg

j18899
ACC-j18901.svg

j18901
ACC-j18902.svg

j18902
ACC-j18903.svg

j18903
ACC-j18904.svg

j18904
ACC-j18905.svg

j18905
ACC-j18906.svg

j18906
ACC-j18907.svg

j18907
ACC-j18908.svg

j18908
ACC-j18909.svg

j18909
ACC-j18910.svg

j18910
ACC-j18911.svg

j18911
ACC-j18913.svg

j18913
ACC-j18914.svg

j18914
ACC-j18915.svg

j18915
ACC-j18916.svg

j18916
ACC-j18917.svg

j18917
ACC-j18918.svg

j18918
ACC-j18919.svg

j18919
ACC-j18920.svg

j18920
ACC-j18921.svg

j18921
ACC-j18922.svg

j18922
ACC-j18923.svg

j18923
ACC-j18924.svg

j18924
ACC-j18925.svg

j18925
ACC-j18926.svg

j18926
ACC-j18927.svg

j18927
ACC-j18928.svg

j18928
ACC-j18929.svg

j18929
ACC-j18930.svg

j18930
ACC-j18931.svg

j18931
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b12289.svg

b12289
ACC-b12290.svg

b12290
Large seal script
ACC-L32362.svg

L32362
ACC-L08383.svg

L08383
ACC-L08384.svg

L08384
ACC-L08385.svg

L08385
ACC-L08386.svg

L08386
ACC-L08387.svg

L08387
ACC-L08377.svg

L08377
ACC-L08378.svg

L08378
ACC-L08379.svg

L08379
ACC-L08380.svg

L08380
ACC-L08381.svg

L08381
ACC-L08382.svg

L08382
Small seal script
ACC-s05736.svg

s05736
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Pictogram (象形): a man carrying something.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary;
  • ôa - vernacular.
Rime
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡歌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦa/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hé
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 何
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hé
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤaj/
English what

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
No. 7458
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 何
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːl/

Definitions[edit]

何

  1. (interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
    何處 / 何处  ―  héchù  ―  where [lit. what place]
    何日  ―  hérì  ―  what day; when
  2. (interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
    何必  ―  hébì  ―  why must you
    何不  ―  hébù  ―  why not
  3. † (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
  4. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 什麼
Mandarin Beijing 什麼
Taiwan 什麼
Tianjin 嘛
Harbin 啥
Shenyang 什麼、啥
Jinan 麼兒、麼、什麼
Muping 麼、麼個
Luoyang 啥
Jiedian 色
Xi'an 啥
Xining 啥
Xuzhou 啥、啥子
Yinchuan 啥
Ürümqi 啥
Wuhan 麼事
Chengdu 啥、啥子
Guiyang 哪樣
Liuzhou 什嗎
Kunming 什麼
Nanjing 什麼
Hefei 哄個
Nantong 甚呢
Cantonese Guangzhou 乜、乜嘢、乜嘢嘢、咩、咩嘢
Hong Kong 乜、乜嘢、乜嘢嘢、咩、咩嘢
Dongguan 乜、乜嘢
Taishan 乜
Yangjiang 乜、乜嘢
Gan Nanchang 什哩
Lichuan 什仔
Pingxiang 咋個
Hakka Meixian 麼個
Xingning 麼個
Huidong 麼個
Qujiang 麼個
Xiaosanjiang 麼個
Changting 麼個
Pingyu 麼個
Wuping 麼個
Liancheng 麼個
Yudu 子個
Ruijin 咩、唔幾
Shicheng 什麼
Shangyou 哪項、口哪
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼個
Liudui (S. Sixian) 麼個
Hsinchu (Hailu) 麼個
Dongshi (Dabu) 麼個
Zhuolan (Raoping) 麼個
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 麼個
Huizhou Jixi 麼仂
Jin Taiyuan 甚
Xinzhou 甚
Min Bei Jian'ou 孰事、孰麼
Min Dong Fuzhou 什乇
Matsu 什乇
Min Nan Xiamen 什物、啥物、啥貨
Quanzhou 什物、啥物
Zhangzhou 哪貨仔、哪貨、哪仔、哪物仔、哪物、什物、啥物、啥貨
Taipei 啥貨、啥物、啥
Kaohsiung 啥、啥貨、啥物
Tainan 啥物、啥貨
Taichung 啥
Hsinchu 啥
Lukang 啥物、啥貨
Sanxia 啥
Yilan 啥貨
Kinmen 啥貨、物代
Magong 啥貨、物代
Penang 啥物
Singapore 什物
Philippines (Manila) 啥物
Chaozhou 乜個、乜
Haikou 乜、個乜
Leizhou 乜
Pinghua Nanning 門、哪門
Wu Shanghai 啥、啥個
Suzhou 啥
Hangzhou 啥
Wenzhou 何呢
Chongming 何
Danyang 點高
Jinhua 待、淡
Ningbo 啥
Xiang Changsha 麼子
Shuangfeng 麼子
Loudi 麼子

Descendants[edit]

  • (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Ho

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡可切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hè
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
No. 7466
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 荷
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːlʔ/
Notes 同荷

Definitions[edit]

何

  1. † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

何

  1. † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 何

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

何

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. what

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Kanji in this term
何
なに
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

何 (hiragana なに, rōmaji nani)

  1. What?, Huh?

Pronoun[edit]

Kanji in this term
何
なん
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

何 (hiragana なに, rōmaji nani) (alternative reading hiragana なん, romaji nan)

  1. what
  2. that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)
  3. (used with も) many
    この広 (こう)告 (こく)を何 (なん)回 (かい)も見 (み)た
    kono kōkoku o nankai mo mita
    I've seen this ad many times

Usage notes[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

何 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune-Reischauer ha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

何 (hà, gã)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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