何
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
何 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 98, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F55
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
何 | |
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Glyph origin[edit]
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Pictogram (象形): a man carrying something – original form of 荷 (OC *ɡaːlʔ, “to carry”).
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with the following interrogative pronouns:
- 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “what; why”)
- 奚 (OC *ɡeː, “what; why; where”)
- 曷 (OC *ɡaːd, “why”)
- 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “why not”): from the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”)
In Sino-Tibetan, cognate with Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT, on the other hand, compares 何 (OC *ɡaːlʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka (“which; like; diectic; interrogative”), to which 幾 (OC *kɯlʔ, “how many”) and 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ, “how”) are also compared.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
何
- (interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
- 大王來何操？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
- Dàwáng lái hé cāo? [Pinyin]
- Your Majesty, what did you bring along?
大王来何操？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- where; what place
- (interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
- 夫子何哂由也？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fūzǐ hé shěn yóu yě? [Pinyin]
- Master, why did you smile at You?
- † (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Ho
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
何
- † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
何
- † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 何
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References[edit]
- “何”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #2874”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: が (ga)←が (ga, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←か (ka, historical)
- Kun: なに (nani, 何, Jōyō)←なに (nani, historical); なん (nan, 何, Jōyō †)←なん (nan, historical); いず (izu, 何)←いづ (idu, historical); いずれ (izure, 何れ)←いづれ (idure, historical); いずく (izuku, 何く)←いづく (iduku, historical)
- Nanori: あが (aga)
Pronunciation[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Interjection[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 何 |
| なに Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
- What?, Huh?
Pronoun[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 何 |
| なに Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
何 • (nani) (alternative reading hiragana なん, rōmaji nan)
- what
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 92)
- 汝何所爲 奈尓世牟止曽
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 92)
- that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)
Usage notes[edit]
- 何 is usually read as なに, but before だ, で, の, it is read as なん. When followed by で, both readings are possible, albeit with different meanings.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Related terms[edit]
- 何れ (dore) which one?
- 何の (dono) (of) what?
- 何処 (doko) where?
- 何方 (dochira) which way?
- 如何 (dō) in what manner?
See also[edit]
| First person | Second person | Close to speaker | Close to listener | Far from both | Interrogative | Reflexive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a), あれ (are) わ (wa), われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na), なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko), これ (kore) | そ (so), それ (sore) | あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare) |
た (ta), たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono), おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko), これ (kore) | そ (so), それ (sore) | あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
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| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづこ (izuko) いづく (izuku) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
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| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
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| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa), さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Prefix[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 何 |
| なん Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
References[edit]
- Yoshinori Kobayashi, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 1: Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin (published 1978; original text from 794), →ISBN.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Kunigami[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References[edit]
Yaeyama[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
何
Readings[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いず-れ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ-れ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いず-く
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いづ-く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with goon reading が
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading が
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あが
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