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U+5BE1, 寡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE1

[U+5BE0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5BE2]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 40, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十一金竹 (JMCH), four-corner 30227, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7286
  • Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5BE1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𠆣
alternative forms 𧵿
𡩼
𠆣

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

In the bronze script from the Western Zhou period, it was originally an ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (house) + (head) — only one person in the house; alone.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, two decorative strokes were added around . The seal script found in Shuowen adds two additional strokes, making the component under appear as and , leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (house) + (to distribute).

Etymology[edit]

Related to (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”), (OC *kʷaː, “orphan; alone”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa, solitary place; desert; wilderness), Tibetan སྒོས (sgos, private; individual).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • 2ko - vernacular;
  • 2kua - literary.
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (99)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kwaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠuaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʷᵚaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kuaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kwaɨX/
    Li
    Rong
    /kuaX/
    Wang
    Li
    /kwaX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kwaX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    guǎ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gwaa2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    guǎ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kwæX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[C.k]ʷˁraʔ/
    English few

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4400
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʷraːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. few; scant
        ―  guǎdé zhī rén  ―  person of meager virtue
    2. widowed
    3. widow
    4. alone; friendless
    5. tasteless
      淨係好似 [Cantonese, trad.]
      净系好似 [Cantonese, simp.]
      zing6 hai6 sik6 coi3 hou2 ci5 gwaa2 zo2 di1 wo3. [Jyutping]
      It's kind of tasteless to eat vegetables only.
    6. (Hokkien) some
      菜市仔青菜 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
      菜市仔青菜 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
      Góa khì chhài-chhī-á bé kóa chheⁿ-chhài. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      I'm going to the market to buy some vegetables.
    7. (Central Min) one

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. few, scant
    2. to decrease
    3. lonely
    4. widow, widower
    5. lowly (humble; of low virtue)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: S
    kan’on

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (ka

    1. minority
      ()()って(しゅう)(せい)する
      ka o motte shū o seisuru
      Majority can be conquered by minority.
    Antonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    やもめ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (やもめ) (yamome

    1. widow
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 적을 (jeogeul gwa))

    1. Hanja form? of (widowed, alone).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: quả, góa/goá

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.